4.12-4.15 VOCAB 2026 EXAMS,
QUESTION AND ANSWERS
Mafic - answerA composition of igneous rocks that is created through low viscosity and
low Silica lava from a weak eruption and is dark in color.
Felsic - answerA composition of igneous rocks that is created through high viscosity and
high Silica lava from an explosive eruption and is light in color.
Intrusive - answerAn environment where igneous rocks form that is underground where
visible crystals can form.
Extrusive - answerAn environment where igneous rocks form that is above ground
where no visible crystals can form.
Coarse - answerA texture of igneous rocks where you can see visible crystals
Fine - answerA texture of igneous rocks where you cannot see visible crystals
Vesicular - answerA texture of igneous rocks that has holes.
Glassy - answerA texture of igneous rocks that is shiny.
Compaction - answerThe weight of overlying sediments causes pressure, pushing the
fragments together and squeezing out air and water from the fragments.
Cementation - answerWater carries dissolved minerals through the sediments. The
dissolved minerals are left between fragments of sediment and provide a cement to hold
the fragments together.
Lithification - answerThe process where sediments compact under pressure, expel
fluids, and become solid rock. Compaction and cementation are needed in order for this
to occur.
Clastic - answerA type of sedimentary rock that is composed of fragments of preexisting
minerals or rocks
Bioclastic/Organic - answerA type of sedimentary rock that is formed from the remains
of living organisms
Chemical - answerA type of sedimentary rock that is formed from minerals that used to
be dissolved in water.
QUESTION AND ANSWERS
Mafic - answerA composition of igneous rocks that is created through low viscosity and
low Silica lava from a weak eruption and is dark in color.
Felsic - answerA composition of igneous rocks that is created through high viscosity and
high Silica lava from an explosive eruption and is light in color.
Intrusive - answerAn environment where igneous rocks form that is underground where
visible crystals can form.
Extrusive - answerAn environment where igneous rocks form that is above ground
where no visible crystals can form.
Coarse - answerA texture of igneous rocks where you can see visible crystals
Fine - answerA texture of igneous rocks where you cannot see visible crystals
Vesicular - answerA texture of igneous rocks that has holes.
Glassy - answerA texture of igneous rocks that is shiny.
Compaction - answerThe weight of overlying sediments causes pressure, pushing the
fragments together and squeezing out air and water from the fragments.
Cementation - answerWater carries dissolved minerals through the sediments. The
dissolved minerals are left between fragments of sediment and provide a cement to hold
the fragments together.
Lithification - answerThe process where sediments compact under pressure, expel
fluids, and become solid rock. Compaction and cementation are needed in order for this
to occur.
Clastic - answerA type of sedimentary rock that is composed of fragments of preexisting
minerals or rocks
Bioclastic/Organic - answerA type of sedimentary rock that is formed from the remains
of living organisms
Chemical - answerA type of sedimentary rock that is formed from minerals that used to
be dissolved in water.
