PATHO 370 UPDATED EXAMS CORE MAIN
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔A patient has a history of falls, syncope, dizziness, and blurred vision. The patient's
symptomology is most likely related to
hypertension
hypotension
deep vein thrombosis
angina - ✔✔hypotension
✔✔Calcium oxylate stone formation is facilitated by
hypercalciuria
hypoparathyroidism
low urine pH
protein intake - ✔✔hypercalciuria
✔✔Which disorder is considered a primary immunodeficiency disease?
HIV/AIDS
Malnutrition immunodeficiency
Cancer immunodeficiency
,Radiation immunodeficiency - ✔✔HIV/AIDS
✔✔An infusion of mannitol would be prescribed to treat
varices
encephalopathy
peritonitis
cerebral edema - ✔✔cerebral edema
✔✔Which intervention has been found to retard the advancement of chronic kidney
disease?
Calcium supplementation
Erythropoietin
Insulin
ACE inhibitors - ✔✔ACE inhibitors
✔✔The therapy that most directly improves cardiac contractility in a patient with systolic
heart failure is
afterload reduction
β-antagonist agents
preload reduction
digitalis - ✔✔digitalis
✔✔The most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction is
volvulus
intussusception
adhesions
fecal impaction - ✔✔adhesions
✔✔Hypotension associated with neurogenic and anaphylactic shock is because of
hypovolemia
peripheral pooling of blood
poor cardiac contractility
high afterload - ✔✔peripheral pooling of blood
✔✔A bone disorder that results from insufficient vitamin D is referred to as
rickets
osteoporosis
osteomalacia
,subluxation - ✔✔osteomalacia
✔✔The stage of spinal shock that follows spinal cord injury is characterized by
reflex urination and defecation
autonomic dysreflexia
absent spinal reflexes below the level of injury
motor spasticity and hyperreflexia below the level of injury. - ✔✔absent spinal reflexes
below the level of injury
✔✔Slow pain sensation is transmitted primarily by
group Ia afferents
α motor neurons
unmyelinated C fibers
Aδ fibers - ✔✔unmyelinated C fibers
✔✔A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit
jugular vein distention
pulmonary congestion with dyspnea
peripheral edema
hepatomegaly - ✔✔pulmonary congestion with dyspnea
✔✔Sudden, severe testicular pain is indicative of
prostatitis
testicular cancer
testicular torsion
epididymitis - ✔✔testicular torsion
✔✔A person who is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome is also experiencing
hypoalbuminemia. This happens because
hepatocyte failure decreases albumin synthesis
albumin is excreted in the urine.
albumin leaks into the interstitial spaces
malnutrition is part of nephrotic syndrome - ✔✔albumin is excreted in the urine.
✔✔The major buffer in the extracellular fluid is
hemoglobin
albumin
bicarbonate
, phosphate - ✔✔bicarbonate
✔✔An example of an acyanotic heart defect is
tetralogy of Fallot
transposition of the great arteries
ventricular septal defect
all right-to-left shunt defects - ✔✔ventricular septal defect
✔✔A patient with pancreatitis may experience muscle cramps secondary to
alkalosis
hyperglycemia
hypocalcemia
hypermagnesemia - ✔✔hypocalcemia
✔✔Hyperaldosteronism causes
ECV deficit and hyperkalemia
ECV excess and hypokalemia
hyponatremia and hyperkalemia
excessive water reabsorption without affecting sodium concentration - ✔✔ECV excess
and hypokalemia
✔✔The most common type of osteomyelitis is
hematogenous
contiguous focus
Brodie abscess
direct invasion - ✔✔hematogenous
✔✔Hypernatremia may be caused by
decreased aldosterone secretion
decreased antidiuretic hormone secretion
compulsive water drinking
excessive dietary potassium - ✔✔decreased antidiuretic hormone secretion
✔✔The urinalysis finding most indicative of cystitis includes the presence of
WBCs and RBCs
nitrites
casts
bacteria - ✔✔nitrites
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔A patient has a history of falls, syncope, dizziness, and blurred vision. The patient's
symptomology is most likely related to
hypertension
hypotension
deep vein thrombosis
angina - ✔✔hypotension
✔✔Calcium oxylate stone formation is facilitated by
hypercalciuria
hypoparathyroidism
low urine pH
protein intake - ✔✔hypercalciuria
✔✔Which disorder is considered a primary immunodeficiency disease?
HIV/AIDS
Malnutrition immunodeficiency
Cancer immunodeficiency
,Radiation immunodeficiency - ✔✔HIV/AIDS
✔✔An infusion of mannitol would be prescribed to treat
varices
encephalopathy
peritonitis
cerebral edema - ✔✔cerebral edema
✔✔Which intervention has been found to retard the advancement of chronic kidney
disease?
Calcium supplementation
Erythropoietin
Insulin
ACE inhibitors - ✔✔ACE inhibitors
✔✔The therapy that most directly improves cardiac contractility in a patient with systolic
heart failure is
afterload reduction
β-antagonist agents
preload reduction
digitalis - ✔✔digitalis
✔✔The most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction is
volvulus
intussusception
adhesions
fecal impaction - ✔✔adhesions
✔✔Hypotension associated with neurogenic and anaphylactic shock is because of
hypovolemia
peripheral pooling of blood
poor cardiac contractility
high afterload - ✔✔peripheral pooling of blood
✔✔A bone disorder that results from insufficient vitamin D is referred to as
rickets
osteoporosis
osteomalacia
,subluxation - ✔✔osteomalacia
✔✔The stage of spinal shock that follows spinal cord injury is characterized by
reflex urination and defecation
autonomic dysreflexia
absent spinal reflexes below the level of injury
motor spasticity and hyperreflexia below the level of injury. - ✔✔absent spinal reflexes
below the level of injury
✔✔Slow pain sensation is transmitted primarily by
group Ia afferents
α motor neurons
unmyelinated C fibers
Aδ fibers - ✔✔unmyelinated C fibers
✔✔A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit
jugular vein distention
pulmonary congestion with dyspnea
peripheral edema
hepatomegaly - ✔✔pulmonary congestion with dyspnea
✔✔Sudden, severe testicular pain is indicative of
prostatitis
testicular cancer
testicular torsion
epididymitis - ✔✔testicular torsion
✔✔A person who is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome is also experiencing
hypoalbuminemia. This happens because
hepatocyte failure decreases albumin synthesis
albumin is excreted in the urine.
albumin leaks into the interstitial spaces
malnutrition is part of nephrotic syndrome - ✔✔albumin is excreted in the urine.
✔✔The major buffer in the extracellular fluid is
hemoglobin
albumin
bicarbonate
, phosphate - ✔✔bicarbonate
✔✔An example of an acyanotic heart defect is
tetralogy of Fallot
transposition of the great arteries
ventricular septal defect
all right-to-left shunt defects - ✔✔ventricular septal defect
✔✔A patient with pancreatitis may experience muscle cramps secondary to
alkalosis
hyperglycemia
hypocalcemia
hypermagnesemia - ✔✔hypocalcemia
✔✔Hyperaldosteronism causes
ECV deficit and hyperkalemia
ECV excess and hypokalemia
hyponatremia and hyperkalemia
excessive water reabsorption without affecting sodium concentration - ✔✔ECV excess
and hypokalemia
✔✔The most common type of osteomyelitis is
hematogenous
contiguous focus
Brodie abscess
direct invasion - ✔✔hematogenous
✔✔Hypernatremia may be caused by
decreased aldosterone secretion
decreased antidiuretic hormone secretion
compulsive water drinking
excessive dietary potassium - ✔✔decreased antidiuretic hormone secretion
✔✔The urinalysis finding most indicative of cystitis includes the presence of
WBCs and RBCs
nitrites
casts
bacteria - ✔✔nitrites
