UNR BIOL 315 EXAM 1 ITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Explain the experiment and the results that led to the conclusion that key organic
molecules formed spontaneously several billion years ago - Correct Answers -Stanley
Miller Experiment:
What are the regulators of the enzyme involved in pyruvate oxidation? - Correct
Answers -Inhibited by Acetyl-CoA, ATP, NADH.
Activated by CoA, NAD+, AMP
What is the TCA cycle? - Correct Answers -a series of metabolic reactions that break
down molecules of acetyl CoA to carbon dioxide and hydrogen atoms.
Citric Acid Cycle.
Where in the cell does the TCA cycle take place? - Correct Answers -mitochondrial
matrix
State the 3 tenets of cell theory - Correct Answers -1. All organisms consist of one or
more cells
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms
3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells
If you are using cytological methods to study cells. what kinds of questions will you
research? What kinds of data will you analyze? What about biochemical methods or
methods used in genetics? How are all these approaches interwoven to understand
cells? - Correct Answers -Some questions to consider:
-------> what features are present?
-------> what is the size and location?
-------> relationship between form & structure
-------> what are some of the components of the structure?
Method:
subcellular fractionation
List 3 key features of all cells - Correct Answers -1. Membrane Bound
2. Properties of life: the ability to replicate
3. Energy transformation
List key differences between classes of cells:
, prokaryote vs Eukaryote
Animal vs Plant - Correct Answers -Prokaryotes:
no nucleus
no cytoplasm organelles
Single circular DNA molecule
Eukaryotes:
Has nucleus
Has Cytoplasm organelles
Multiple linear DNA molecules
Animal Cells:
smaller in size
no cell wall
nucleus in center
many vacuoles
cannot synthesis nutrients
no plasmodesmata
Plant Cell:
larger in size
cell wall
nucleus on the side
one vacuole
synthesis nutrients
has plasmodesmata
What does in vivo mean - Correct Answers -in the animal/tissue
What does in vitro mean - Correct Answers -in a test tube; a cell culture line
What does in Silico mean - Correct Answers -done completely by computer modeling
What does bioinformatics do? - Correct Answers -uses a computer to synthesize and
analyze huge amounts of information stored in data banks
Understand the features of experimental model organisms - Correct Answers -Model
Organisms are organisms used to study and test hypotheses regarding general
processes and mechanisms that have significance across species.
Features:
1. Small
2. Easy to grow/maintain/isolate
3. Fast generation time
4. "Workable" genetics
5. Cost-effective
SOLUTIONS
Explain the experiment and the results that led to the conclusion that key organic
molecules formed spontaneously several billion years ago - Correct Answers -Stanley
Miller Experiment:
What are the regulators of the enzyme involved in pyruvate oxidation? - Correct
Answers -Inhibited by Acetyl-CoA, ATP, NADH.
Activated by CoA, NAD+, AMP
What is the TCA cycle? - Correct Answers -a series of metabolic reactions that break
down molecules of acetyl CoA to carbon dioxide and hydrogen atoms.
Citric Acid Cycle.
Where in the cell does the TCA cycle take place? - Correct Answers -mitochondrial
matrix
State the 3 tenets of cell theory - Correct Answers -1. All organisms consist of one or
more cells
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms
3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells
If you are using cytological methods to study cells. what kinds of questions will you
research? What kinds of data will you analyze? What about biochemical methods or
methods used in genetics? How are all these approaches interwoven to understand
cells? - Correct Answers -Some questions to consider:
-------> what features are present?
-------> what is the size and location?
-------> relationship between form & structure
-------> what are some of the components of the structure?
Method:
subcellular fractionation
List 3 key features of all cells - Correct Answers -1. Membrane Bound
2. Properties of life: the ability to replicate
3. Energy transformation
List key differences between classes of cells:
, prokaryote vs Eukaryote
Animal vs Plant - Correct Answers -Prokaryotes:
no nucleus
no cytoplasm organelles
Single circular DNA molecule
Eukaryotes:
Has nucleus
Has Cytoplasm organelles
Multiple linear DNA molecules
Animal Cells:
smaller in size
no cell wall
nucleus in center
many vacuoles
cannot synthesis nutrients
no plasmodesmata
Plant Cell:
larger in size
cell wall
nucleus on the side
one vacuole
synthesis nutrients
has plasmodesmata
What does in vivo mean - Correct Answers -in the animal/tissue
What does in vitro mean - Correct Answers -in a test tube; a cell culture line
What does in Silico mean - Correct Answers -done completely by computer modeling
What does bioinformatics do? - Correct Answers -uses a computer to synthesize and
analyze huge amounts of information stored in data banks
Understand the features of experimental model organisms - Correct Answers -Model
Organisms are organisms used to study and test hypotheses regarding general
processes and mechanisms that have significance across species.
Features:
1. Small
2. Easy to grow/maintain/isolate
3. Fast generation time
4. "Workable" genetics
5. Cost-effective
