UKY BIO 315 Exam 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Endoplasmic Reticulum - Correct Answers -A system of membranes that is found in a
cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins
and in the production of lipids.
Golgi apparatus - Correct Answers -A system of membranes that modifies and
packages proteins and lipids for export by the cell
lysosomes - Correct Answers -cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down
certain materials in the cell
endosomes - Correct Answers -sorting of endocytosed material
allows for recycling of receptors
SRP - Correct Answers -signal recognition particle
g protein that helps import proteins to ER
like a matchmaker
GTP hydrolysis triggers translocator opening
COPII - Correct Answers -protein transport to golgi
COPI - Correct Answers -Golgi --> Golgi (retrograde)
cis-Golgi --> ER
three mechanisms of protein transport - Correct Answers -nuclear pores, across
membranes, vesicles
Ran - Correct Answers -g protein that regulates the import through nuclear pores
polyribosomes - Correct Answers -import proteins on the cell by binding to ER
membrane and translate the protein into the lumen
folding once in lumen
clathrin vesicles - Correct Answers -all movement to lysosome
tethering proteins - Correct Answers -located on the membrane being targeted; bind
with Rab proteins to secure the vesicle on the surface
, SNARE
phagosome - Correct Answers -Intracellular vesicle containing material taken up by
phagocytosis from outside the cell
autophagosome - Correct Answers -a vesicle formed around a worn-out organelle; this
vesicle then fuses with a lysosome which digests the organelle.
dynamin - Correct Answers -G-protein required for release of clathrin-coated vesicles
from membrane
LDL - Correct Answers -low density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol)
use clathrin coated vesicles and adaptin and ApoB100 protein (LDL receptor recognizes
this protein)
ApoB100 - Correct Answers -binds to LDL receptor, mediates secretion
mutations can cause heart disease
HDL - Correct Answers -high density lipoproteins (healthy type of cholesterol)
CETP - Correct Answers -enzyme moves HDL to LDL
mutations protect against heart disease
microtubules - Correct Answers -A hollow rod composed of alpha and beta tubulin dimer
proteins found in cilia and flagella.
superhighway
polarity: growth at beta tubulin plus end
regulated: gtp hydrolysis
y tubulin - Correct Answers -template for microtubules
only interacts with minus end
surrounds centrioles
microtubule dynamic instability - Correct Answers -GTP tubulin added to growing strand
GDP tubulin peels away from shrinking strand
addition vs GTP hydrolysis
kinesin - Correct Answers -A class of motor proteins that uses the ATP to "walk" toward
the plus end of a microtubule. Used to transport vesicles, particles, organelles and
chromosomes.
dynein - Correct Answers -A class of motor proteins that uses the ATP to "walk" toward
the minus end of a microtubule. Used to transport vesicles, particles, organelles and
chromosomes.
intermediate filaments - Correct Answers -ropelike and flexible
ANSWERS
Endoplasmic Reticulum - Correct Answers -A system of membranes that is found in a
cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins
and in the production of lipids.
Golgi apparatus - Correct Answers -A system of membranes that modifies and
packages proteins and lipids for export by the cell
lysosomes - Correct Answers -cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down
certain materials in the cell
endosomes - Correct Answers -sorting of endocytosed material
allows for recycling of receptors
SRP - Correct Answers -signal recognition particle
g protein that helps import proteins to ER
like a matchmaker
GTP hydrolysis triggers translocator opening
COPII - Correct Answers -protein transport to golgi
COPI - Correct Answers -Golgi --> Golgi (retrograde)
cis-Golgi --> ER
three mechanisms of protein transport - Correct Answers -nuclear pores, across
membranes, vesicles
Ran - Correct Answers -g protein that regulates the import through nuclear pores
polyribosomes - Correct Answers -import proteins on the cell by binding to ER
membrane and translate the protein into the lumen
folding once in lumen
clathrin vesicles - Correct Answers -all movement to lysosome
tethering proteins - Correct Answers -located on the membrane being targeted; bind
with Rab proteins to secure the vesicle on the surface
, SNARE
phagosome - Correct Answers -Intracellular vesicle containing material taken up by
phagocytosis from outside the cell
autophagosome - Correct Answers -a vesicle formed around a worn-out organelle; this
vesicle then fuses with a lysosome which digests the organelle.
dynamin - Correct Answers -G-protein required for release of clathrin-coated vesicles
from membrane
LDL - Correct Answers -low density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol)
use clathrin coated vesicles and adaptin and ApoB100 protein (LDL receptor recognizes
this protein)
ApoB100 - Correct Answers -binds to LDL receptor, mediates secretion
mutations can cause heart disease
HDL - Correct Answers -high density lipoproteins (healthy type of cholesterol)
CETP - Correct Answers -enzyme moves HDL to LDL
mutations protect against heart disease
microtubules - Correct Answers -A hollow rod composed of alpha and beta tubulin dimer
proteins found in cilia and flagella.
superhighway
polarity: growth at beta tubulin plus end
regulated: gtp hydrolysis
y tubulin - Correct Answers -template for microtubules
only interacts with minus end
surrounds centrioles
microtubule dynamic instability - Correct Answers -GTP tubulin added to growing strand
GDP tubulin peels away from shrinking strand
addition vs GTP hydrolysis
kinesin - Correct Answers -A class of motor proteins that uses the ATP to "walk" toward
the plus end of a microtubule. Used to transport vesicles, particles, organelles and
chromosomes.
dynein - Correct Answers -A class of motor proteins that uses the ATP to "walk" toward
the minus end of a microtubule. Used to transport vesicles, particles, organelles and
chromosomes.
intermediate filaments - Correct Answers -ropelike and flexible
