WGU C175 Data Management Foundations
Exam Updated Actual Question and Answer
(2026/2027) | Complete Prep
Flat File -✓✓ These are unstructured, plain text or binary files. To access or edit
data, the entire file is read into computer memory. After the database options have
completed, the entire file is then written back out.
Index File -✓✓ The concept of this file is similar to the concept of an index in the
back of a book. It contains keywords and phrases that are located in a particular
file. It also contains a pointer to the location in the file where those keywords can
be found.
- Data
- Information
- Knowledge -✓✓ - This consists of raw facts which have not yet been processed
to reveal their meaning.
- This is the result of processing the above to reveal its meaning
- This is the body of information and facts about a specific subject
Data Management -✓✓ A process that focuses on data generation, storage, and
retrieval. Common functions include addition, deletion, modification, and listing.
- Database
- Metadata
- DBMS (Database Management System) -✓✓ - This is a shared, integrated
computer structure that stores a collection of end-user data and metadata.
,- This is data about data, through which the end-user data is integrated and
managed. It describes the data characteristics and the set of relationships that links
the data found within the database
- This is a collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls
access to the data stored in the database; serves as the intermediary between the
user and the database.
Data Inconsistency -✓✓ This exists when different versions of the same data
appears in different places. For example: when a company's sales department
stores a sales representative's name as Bill Brown and the company's personnel
department stores that same person's name as William G. Brown
- Query
- Ad-hoc query
- Query result set
- Data quality -✓✓ - This is a specific request issued to the DBMS for
data manipulation—for example, to read or update the data.
- This is a spur of the moment question
- The DBMS sends back this answer to the application that is asking the question
- This is a comprehensive approach to promoting the accuracy, validity, and
timeliness of data
- Single user database
- Workgroup database
- Enterprise database
- Centralized database
- Distributed database
- Cloud database
, - General-purpose databases
- Discipline-specific databases -✓✓ - With this type of database, if one user is
using it, any other users must wait until the first user is done
- This database supports small numbers of users, usually less than 50 or a specific
department in an organization
- This database is used by many users or everyone within an organization
- This database supports data located at a single site'
- This type supports data distributed across several sites
- This type of database has growing in popularity in recent years; examples are
AWS and Microsoft Azure
- These contain a wide variety of data used in multiple disciplines
- These focus focused on specific subject areas. They are used mainly for academic
or research purposes within a small set of disciplines.
- Operational, Online Transaction Processing (OLTP), Transactional, or Production
database
- Analytical database -✓✓ - This type of database is designed primarily to support
a company's day-to-day operations
- This type focuses primarily on storing historical
data and business metrics used exclusively for tactical or strategic decision
making; they allow the end user to perform advanced analysis of business data
using sophisticated tools.
- Data Warehouse
- OLAP (Online Analytical Processing)
- Business Intelligence -✓✓ - This major part of an analytical database is a
specialized database that stores data in a format optimized for decision support. It
contains historical data obtained from the operational databases as well as data
from other external sources.
Exam Updated Actual Question and Answer
(2026/2027) | Complete Prep
Flat File -✓✓ These are unstructured, plain text or binary files. To access or edit
data, the entire file is read into computer memory. After the database options have
completed, the entire file is then written back out.
Index File -✓✓ The concept of this file is similar to the concept of an index in the
back of a book. It contains keywords and phrases that are located in a particular
file. It also contains a pointer to the location in the file where those keywords can
be found.
- Data
- Information
- Knowledge -✓✓ - This consists of raw facts which have not yet been processed
to reveal their meaning.
- This is the result of processing the above to reveal its meaning
- This is the body of information and facts about a specific subject
Data Management -✓✓ A process that focuses on data generation, storage, and
retrieval. Common functions include addition, deletion, modification, and listing.
- Database
- Metadata
- DBMS (Database Management System) -✓✓ - This is a shared, integrated
computer structure that stores a collection of end-user data and metadata.
,- This is data about data, through which the end-user data is integrated and
managed. It describes the data characteristics and the set of relationships that links
the data found within the database
- This is a collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls
access to the data stored in the database; serves as the intermediary between the
user and the database.
Data Inconsistency -✓✓ This exists when different versions of the same data
appears in different places. For example: when a company's sales department
stores a sales representative's name as Bill Brown and the company's personnel
department stores that same person's name as William G. Brown
- Query
- Ad-hoc query
- Query result set
- Data quality -✓✓ - This is a specific request issued to the DBMS for
data manipulation—for example, to read or update the data.
- This is a spur of the moment question
- The DBMS sends back this answer to the application that is asking the question
- This is a comprehensive approach to promoting the accuracy, validity, and
timeliness of data
- Single user database
- Workgroup database
- Enterprise database
- Centralized database
- Distributed database
- Cloud database
, - General-purpose databases
- Discipline-specific databases -✓✓ - With this type of database, if one user is
using it, any other users must wait until the first user is done
- This database supports small numbers of users, usually less than 50 or a specific
department in an organization
- This database is used by many users or everyone within an organization
- This database supports data located at a single site'
- This type supports data distributed across several sites
- This type of database has growing in popularity in recent years; examples are
AWS and Microsoft Azure
- These contain a wide variety of data used in multiple disciplines
- These focus focused on specific subject areas. They are used mainly for academic
or research purposes within a small set of disciplines.
- Operational, Online Transaction Processing (OLTP), Transactional, or Production
database
- Analytical database -✓✓ - This type of database is designed primarily to support
a company's day-to-day operations
- This type focuses primarily on storing historical
data and business metrics used exclusively for tactical or strategic decision
making; they allow the end user to perform advanced analysis of business data
using sophisticated tools.
- Data Warehouse
- OLAP (Online Analytical Processing)
- Business Intelligence -✓✓ - This major part of an analytical database is a
specialized database that stores data in a format optimized for decision support. It
contains historical data obtained from the operational databases as well as data
from other external sources.
