Cardiovascular System (C.V.S)
Primary function of the cardiovascular system is to supply body cells with O2
and nutrients and carry away CO2 and waste products.
Cardiovascular system is a closed circuit system, composed:
- Heart
- Arteries
- Capillaries
- Veins
- Blood
We can divide the primary function of CVS into two major divisions
- Pulmonary circulation: 1). carries blood to the lungs 2).
Eliminates CO2 via the lungs and 3). returns blood to the heart
- Systemic circulation: 1). Supplies blood to the rest of the body
2). Delivers O2 to all the body 3). And carries away wastes.
The Heart
The heart is a cone-shaped, hollow, muscular pump.
Size: the adult heart has a mass of between 250- 350 gram and is about the size
of a clenched fist, around 14 cm long and 9 cm wide.
Location: the heart lies in the mediastinal area of thoracic cavity between the
lungs.
Surrounding structures:
- Posterior to sternum
- Medial to lungs
- Anterior to vertebral column
- On the top of diaphragm
- About 2/3 of heart lies left to midline.
, Base, Apex, and Surfaces of the heart
Base: is formed by left and right atria. Mostly the left atrium found
beneath the 2nd rib.
Apex: lies in the left 5th intercostal space, Formed by the left ventricle.
Inferior/ diaphragmatic: liens on underside. It formed by left and right
ventricles.
Anterior/ Sternocostal: lies just behind the sternum and the ribs. Formed
mostly by the right ventricle.
Left/ pulmonary: formed mostly by left ventricle.
, Pericardium
A sac called pericardium covers the heart. The pericardium restricts heart
movements in the thoracic cavity and prevents overfilling with blood.
The pericardium is composed of 2 parts:
1. Fibrous pericardium: is the outer part of pericardium and it composed of
tough dense connective tissue.
2. Serous pericardium: is the inner part of pericardium and it composed of 2
subdivisions a). a parietal layer: that lines the inner surface of
the fibrous pericardium.
b). visceral layer (epicardium): that covers the
outside of the heart.
c). pericardial cavity: a thin space between the
parietal and visceral layers of pericardium which
contains a serous fluid. The serous fluid lubricates the
membranes and reduce prevents the friction during
heartbeat.
Primary function of the cardiovascular system is to supply body cells with O2
and nutrients and carry away CO2 and waste products.
Cardiovascular system is a closed circuit system, composed:
- Heart
- Arteries
- Capillaries
- Veins
- Blood
We can divide the primary function of CVS into two major divisions
- Pulmonary circulation: 1). carries blood to the lungs 2).
Eliminates CO2 via the lungs and 3). returns blood to the heart
- Systemic circulation: 1). Supplies blood to the rest of the body
2). Delivers O2 to all the body 3). And carries away wastes.
The Heart
The heart is a cone-shaped, hollow, muscular pump.
Size: the adult heart has a mass of between 250- 350 gram and is about the size
of a clenched fist, around 14 cm long and 9 cm wide.
Location: the heart lies in the mediastinal area of thoracic cavity between the
lungs.
Surrounding structures:
- Posterior to sternum
- Medial to lungs
- Anterior to vertebral column
- On the top of diaphragm
- About 2/3 of heart lies left to midline.
, Base, Apex, and Surfaces of the heart
Base: is formed by left and right atria. Mostly the left atrium found
beneath the 2nd rib.
Apex: lies in the left 5th intercostal space, Formed by the left ventricle.
Inferior/ diaphragmatic: liens on underside. It formed by left and right
ventricles.
Anterior/ Sternocostal: lies just behind the sternum and the ribs. Formed
mostly by the right ventricle.
Left/ pulmonary: formed mostly by left ventricle.
, Pericardium
A sac called pericardium covers the heart. The pericardium restricts heart
movements in the thoracic cavity and prevents overfilling with blood.
The pericardium is composed of 2 parts:
1. Fibrous pericardium: is the outer part of pericardium and it composed of
tough dense connective tissue.
2. Serous pericardium: is the inner part of pericardium and it composed of 2
subdivisions a). a parietal layer: that lines the inner surface of
the fibrous pericardium.
b). visceral layer (epicardium): that covers the
outside of the heart.
c). pericardial cavity: a thin space between the
parietal and visceral layers of pericardium which
contains a serous fluid. The serous fluid lubricates the
membranes and reduce prevents the friction during
heartbeat.
