1
, NSG 100 Final Exam | (2026) Nursing Concepts
Questions | Fundamentals Review (PDF)
1. A nurse is caring for a client with Clostridioides difficile.
Which hand hygiene method is correct?
A) Alcohol-based hand rub
B) Soap and water
C) Hand wipes
D) Chlorhexidine wipes
Answer: B) Soap and water
Rationale:
C. diff spores are not killed by alcohol-based hand rubs,
which are effective against vegetative bacteria but not
spores. Mechanical action of soap and water physically
removes spores from the hands through friction and
rinsing. The CDC specifically requires soap and water
after caring for a client with C. diff. Hand wipes and
chlorhexidine are also ineffective against spores. Alcohol
2
,rubs may be used after soap and water for additional
hygiene but cannot replace it.
2. A client on contact precautions needs transport to
radiology. Which action is correct?
A) Transport without precautions to save time
B) Place a clean sheet over the client
C) Have the client wear a mask
D) Remove PPE before transport
Answer: B) Place a clean sheet over the client
Rationale:
When a client on contact precautions leaves the room, a
clean sheet or gown serves as a barrier to minimize
environmental contamination. The receiving department
must be notified in advance. A mask (C) is not required
for contact precautions alone. Removing PPE (D) before
transport would expose others. Transporting without
3
, precautions (A) violates infection control policies and risks
k k k k k k k
k spreading organisms like MRSA or VRE. k k k k k
3. Which client is at highest risk for falls?
k k k k k k k
A) 35-year-old with fracture k k
B) 72-year-old on antihypertensives k k
C) 50-year-oldpost-opday4 k k k
D) 28-year-old with migraine k k
Answer: B) 72-year-old on antihypertensives
k k k k
k Rationale:
Fall risk increases with age due to decreased muscle
k k k k k k k k
strength, slower reflexes, and balance deficits.
k k k k k k
Antihypertensives can cause orthostatic hypotension, k k k k
leading to dizziness upon standing. The 72-year-old has two
k k k k k k k k k
k major risk factors: advanced age and a medication class
k k k k k k k k
k that predisposes to falls. The other clients are younger and
k k k k k k k k k
lack the same combination of risks. Post-op day 4 is past the
k k k k k k k k k k k k
immediate post-anesthesia period.
k k k
4
, NSG 100 Final Exam | (2026) Nursing Concepts
Questions | Fundamentals Review (PDF)
1. A nurse is caring for a client with Clostridioides difficile.
Which hand hygiene method is correct?
A) Alcohol-based hand rub
B) Soap and water
C) Hand wipes
D) Chlorhexidine wipes
Answer: B) Soap and water
Rationale:
C. diff spores are not killed by alcohol-based hand rubs,
which are effective against vegetative bacteria but not
spores. Mechanical action of soap and water physically
removes spores from the hands through friction and
rinsing. The CDC specifically requires soap and water
after caring for a client with C. diff. Hand wipes and
chlorhexidine are also ineffective against spores. Alcohol
2
,rubs may be used after soap and water for additional
hygiene but cannot replace it.
2. A client on contact precautions needs transport to
radiology. Which action is correct?
A) Transport without precautions to save time
B) Place a clean sheet over the client
C) Have the client wear a mask
D) Remove PPE before transport
Answer: B) Place a clean sheet over the client
Rationale:
When a client on contact precautions leaves the room, a
clean sheet or gown serves as a barrier to minimize
environmental contamination. The receiving department
must be notified in advance. A mask (C) is not required
for contact precautions alone. Removing PPE (D) before
transport would expose others. Transporting without
3
, precautions (A) violates infection control policies and risks
k k k k k k k
k spreading organisms like MRSA or VRE. k k k k k
3. Which client is at highest risk for falls?
k k k k k k k
A) 35-year-old with fracture k k
B) 72-year-old on antihypertensives k k
C) 50-year-oldpost-opday4 k k k
D) 28-year-old with migraine k k
Answer: B) 72-year-old on antihypertensives
k k k k
k Rationale:
Fall risk increases with age due to decreased muscle
k k k k k k k k
strength, slower reflexes, and balance deficits.
k k k k k k
Antihypertensives can cause orthostatic hypotension, k k k k
leading to dizziness upon standing. The 72-year-old has two
k k k k k k k k k
k major risk factors: advanced age and a medication class
k k k k k k k k
k that predisposes to falls. The other clients are younger and
k k k k k k k k k
lack the same combination of risks. Post-op day 4 is past the
k k k k k k k k k k k k
immediate post-anesthesia period.
k k k
4
