PORTAGE LEARNING BIOL 252 ANATOMY &
PHYSIOLOGY II: MODULE 1 HEMATOLOGY MASTER
STUDY GUIDE & QUIZ BANK
This comprehensive exam review suite contains high-yield,
multi-choice questions with detailed rationales covering human
hematology and hemostasis. It is specifically designed to mirror
the exact rigor, terminology, and diagnostic focus required to
pass Portage Learning online modules under Respondus
LockDown Browser restrictions. Students can use this study
guide to master blood composition, cellular lineages, coagulation
cascades, and complex clinical pathologies.
Section 1: Blood Composition and Plasma
(Questions 1–10)
1. Which of the following is the most abundant
solute in blood plasma by weight?
A) Electrolytes
B) Plasma proteins
C) Glucose
D) Metabolic wastes
Answer: B) Plasma proteins
Rationale: Plasma proteins (albumin, globulins,
and fibrinogen) constitute about 7% to 8% of
plasma volume by weight, making them the
most abundant solute despite water making up
92% of total plasma volume.
,2. A patient with severe liver cirrhosis exhibits
significant systemic edema. A deficiency in
which plasma protein is the primary cause of
this condition?
A) Gamma globulin
B) Alpha globulin
C) Albumin
D) Fibrinogen
Answer: C) Albumin
Rationale: Albumin is synthesized by the liver
and is the primary contributor to blood colloid
osmotic pressure. Decreased albumin
production leads to fluid shifting out of
capillaries into interstitial spaces, causing
edema.
3. Which plasma protein class includes antibodies
that function in the immune response against
pathogens?
A) Alpha globulins
B) Beta globulins
C) Gamma globulins
D) Albumins
Answer: C) Gamma globulins
Rationale: Gamma globulins, also known as
, immunoglobulins or antibodies, are produced by
plasma cells (matured B lymphocytes) during
an immune response to neutralize foreign
antigens.
4. What is the average, healthy pH range of human
blood?
A) 6.35 – 6.45
B) 7.00 – 7.15
C) 7.35 – 7.45
D) 7.55 – 7.65
Answer: C) 7.35 – 7.45
Rationale: Human blood is slightly alkaline,
strictly maintained within a narrow homeostatic
range of 7.35 to 7.45 by respiratory and renal
buffer systems.
5. If a blood sample is centrifuged, what
constitutes the components and approximate
percentage of the "buffy coat"?
A) Erythrocytes; 45%
B) Plasma; 55%
C) Leukocytes and platelets; <1%
D) Proteins and amino acids; 7%
Answer: C) Leukocytes and platelets; <1%
Rationale: Centrifugation separates blood by
, density. The middle, thin, whitish layer is the
buffy coat, which contains white blood cells
(leukocytes) and platelets (thrombocytes),
accounting for less than 1% of total blood
volume.
6. Which statement accurately describes the
difference between blood plasma and blood
serum?
A) Plasma contains formed elements, while
serum does not.
B) Serum is plasma minus fibrinogen and other
clotting proteins.
C) Plasma is strictly found inside cells, while
serum is extracellular.
D) Serum has a much higher concentration of
electrolytes than plasma.
Answer: B) Serum is plasma minus fibrinogen
and other clotting proteins.
Rationale: Serum is the liquid portion of blood
left over after coagulation has occurred.
Because a clot forms, clotting factors like
fibrinogen are consumed and absent from
serum, whereas plasma retains these factors.
PHYSIOLOGY II: MODULE 1 HEMATOLOGY MASTER
STUDY GUIDE & QUIZ BANK
This comprehensive exam review suite contains high-yield,
multi-choice questions with detailed rationales covering human
hematology and hemostasis. It is specifically designed to mirror
the exact rigor, terminology, and diagnostic focus required to
pass Portage Learning online modules under Respondus
LockDown Browser restrictions. Students can use this study
guide to master blood composition, cellular lineages, coagulation
cascades, and complex clinical pathologies.
Section 1: Blood Composition and Plasma
(Questions 1–10)
1. Which of the following is the most abundant
solute in blood plasma by weight?
A) Electrolytes
B) Plasma proteins
C) Glucose
D) Metabolic wastes
Answer: B) Plasma proteins
Rationale: Plasma proteins (albumin, globulins,
and fibrinogen) constitute about 7% to 8% of
plasma volume by weight, making them the
most abundant solute despite water making up
92% of total plasma volume.
,2. A patient with severe liver cirrhosis exhibits
significant systemic edema. A deficiency in
which plasma protein is the primary cause of
this condition?
A) Gamma globulin
B) Alpha globulin
C) Albumin
D) Fibrinogen
Answer: C) Albumin
Rationale: Albumin is synthesized by the liver
and is the primary contributor to blood colloid
osmotic pressure. Decreased albumin
production leads to fluid shifting out of
capillaries into interstitial spaces, causing
edema.
3. Which plasma protein class includes antibodies
that function in the immune response against
pathogens?
A) Alpha globulins
B) Beta globulins
C) Gamma globulins
D) Albumins
Answer: C) Gamma globulins
Rationale: Gamma globulins, also known as
, immunoglobulins or antibodies, are produced by
plasma cells (matured B lymphocytes) during
an immune response to neutralize foreign
antigens.
4. What is the average, healthy pH range of human
blood?
A) 6.35 – 6.45
B) 7.00 – 7.15
C) 7.35 – 7.45
D) 7.55 – 7.65
Answer: C) 7.35 – 7.45
Rationale: Human blood is slightly alkaline,
strictly maintained within a narrow homeostatic
range of 7.35 to 7.45 by respiratory and renal
buffer systems.
5. If a blood sample is centrifuged, what
constitutes the components and approximate
percentage of the "buffy coat"?
A) Erythrocytes; 45%
B) Plasma; 55%
C) Leukocytes and platelets; <1%
D) Proteins and amino acids; 7%
Answer: C) Leukocytes and platelets; <1%
Rationale: Centrifugation separates blood by
, density. The middle, thin, whitish layer is the
buffy coat, which contains white blood cells
(leukocytes) and platelets (thrombocytes),
accounting for less than 1% of total blood
volume.
6. Which statement accurately describes the
difference between blood plasma and blood
serum?
A) Plasma contains formed elements, while
serum does not.
B) Serum is plasma minus fibrinogen and other
clotting proteins.
C) Plasma is strictly found inside cells, while
serum is extracellular.
D) Serum has a much higher concentration of
electrolytes than plasma.
Answer: B) Serum is plasma minus fibrinogen
and other clotting proteins.
Rationale: Serum is the liquid portion of blood
left over after coagulation has occurred.
Because a clot forms, clotting factors like
fibrinogen are consumed and absent from
serum, whereas plasma retains these factors.
