Pathophysiology-NU 545|Exam Unit 3|Questions and
Correct Answers|100% Correct|Latest 2027 Version-
University of South Alabama
GFR (glomerular filtration rate)
a blood test that measures how well the kidneys are working by estimating how much blood
passes through the kidneys' glomeruli each minute
Proteinuria
the presence of an abnormal amount of protein in the urine
Creatinine and BUN
BUN-to-creatinine ratio is a medical measurement that compares the levels of blood
urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine in a patient's blood. It's calculated by dividing the
BUN number by the creatinine number. A normal ratio is between 10:1 and 20:1
Pyelonephritis --Patho/phys:
One or both kidneys may be involved. The infection extends from the ureter into the kidney,
involving the renal pelvis and medullary tissue (tubules and interstitial tissue). Purulent
exudate fills the kidney pelvis and calyces, and the medulla is inflamed. Abscesses and
necrosis can be seen in the medulla and may extend through the cortex to the surface of
the capsule. If the infection is severe, the exudate can compress the renal artery and vein
and obstruct urine flow to the ureter.
, Pyelonephritis symptoms
1) urinary frequency
2) urgency
3) burning
4) dysuria in the same way as cystitis
5) flank pain and tenderness.
**Pyelonephritis is also a more severe disease, so there is a higher fever and the patient is
much more ill.
Pyelonephritis treatment
UTIs are treated promptly with antibacterial drugs such as:
• Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Cotrim, Septra)
• Nitrofurantoin (Furadantin)
• Cephalosporins (Keflex, Duricef)
• Carbapenems (Doribax)
• Amoxicillin
• Fosfomycin (which is prescribed for pregnant women)
UTI
E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
Tx: Bactrim, Ciprofloxacin
Renal Colic
Correct Answers|100% Correct|Latest 2027 Version-
University of South Alabama
GFR (glomerular filtration rate)
a blood test that measures how well the kidneys are working by estimating how much blood
passes through the kidneys' glomeruli each minute
Proteinuria
the presence of an abnormal amount of protein in the urine
Creatinine and BUN
BUN-to-creatinine ratio is a medical measurement that compares the levels of blood
urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine in a patient's blood. It's calculated by dividing the
BUN number by the creatinine number. A normal ratio is between 10:1 and 20:1
Pyelonephritis --Patho/phys:
One or both kidneys may be involved. The infection extends from the ureter into the kidney,
involving the renal pelvis and medullary tissue (tubules and interstitial tissue). Purulent
exudate fills the kidney pelvis and calyces, and the medulla is inflamed. Abscesses and
necrosis can be seen in the medulla and may extend through the cortex to the surface of
the capsule. If the infection is severe, the exudate can compress the renal artery and vein
and obstruct urine flow to the ureter.
, Pyelonephritis symptoms
1) urinary frequency
2) urgency
3) burning
4) dysuria in the same way as cystitis
5) flank pain and tenderness.
**Pyelonephritis is also a more severe disease, so there is a higher fever and the patient is
much more ill.
Pyelonephritis treatment
UTIs are treated promptly with antibacterial drugs such as:
• Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Cotrim, Septra)
• Nitrofurantoin (Furadantin)
• Cephalosporins (Keflex, Duricef)
• Carbapenems (Doribax)
• Amoxicillin
• Fosfomycin (which is prescribed for pregnant women)
UTI
E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
Tx: Bactrim, Ciprofloxacin
Renal Colic
