Western Governors University
VER · 811D
D118 — Comprehensive Review
A UNIVERSITY FOR THE REAL WORLD
WGU
NURSING
D118 Comprehensive Cardiology, Endocrinology, and
Infectious Disease Review for Medical Students
A DVA N C E D P RACT I C E N U RS I N G — CO M P R E H E N S I V E R E V I E W
INSTITUTION Western Governors University PROGRAM Advanced Practice Nursing
COURSE CODE D118 COURSE TITLE Comprehensive Cardiology,
Endocrinology, and Infectious
Disease Review
ACADEMIC YEAR EXAM TITLE D118 Comprehensive Cardiology,
Endocrinology, and Infectious
Disease Review for Medical
Students
TOTAL QUESTIONS 60 Questions FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise instructed.
▸ Cardiology, endocrinology, and infectious disease topics are all testable content.
▸ Understanding clinical presentation, diagnostic reasoning, and evidence-based management is
emphasized.
▸ Correct answers and rationales appear below each question for review purposes.
▸ All content reflects current evidence-based practice and D118 curriculum standards.
, SECTION I — CARDIOLOGY, ENDOCRINOLOGY &
Questions 1 – 60
INFECTIOUS DISEASE REVIEW
1. What medication should generally be added next for a 67-year-old with diabetes and CKD
with a BP of 154/92 mm Hg despite taking lisinopril?
A. Thiazide-like diuretic (chlorthalidone) or a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
depending on kidney function and patient factors
B. Beta blocker
C. Alpha blocker
D. Central alpha-2 agonist
CORRECT ANSWER A — Thiazide-like diuretic (chlorthalidone) or a dihydropyridine calcium
channel blocker depending on kidney function and patient factors
RATIONALE For patients with diabetes and CKD who are already on an ACE inhibitor
(lisinopril), the next step in hypertension management is adding a thiazide-like
diuretic or a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker based on kidney function.
2. Which preventive screening should begin at age 45 for average-risk adults?
A. Colorectal cancer screening
B. Lung cancer screening
C. Prostate cancer screening
D. Breast cancer screening
CORRECT ANSWER A — Colorectal cancer screening
RATIONALE Colorectal cancer screening should begin at age 45 for average-risk adults
according to current guidelines.
, 3. Which electrolyte abnormality is most likely in a patient taking hydrochlorothiazide who
develops muscle cramps?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
CORRECT ANSWER A — Hypokalemia
RATIONALE Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that can cause hypokalemia, which may
present with muscle cramps.
4. Which antihypertensive medication should generally be avoided in patients with bilateral
renal artery stenosis?
A. ACE inhibitors and ARBs
B. Calcium channel blockers
C. Beta blockers
D. Diuretics
CORRECT ANSWER A — ACE inhibitors and ARBs
RATIONALE ACE inhibitors and ARBs should generally be avoided in patients with bilateral
renal artery stenosis because they can cause acute kidney injury by reducing
glomerular filtration pressure.
VER · 811D
D118 — Comprehensive Review
A UNIVERSITY FOR THE REAL WORLD
WGU
NURSING
D118 Comprehensive Cardiology, Endocrinology, and
Infectious Disease Review for Medical Students
A DVA N C E D P RACT I C E N U RS I N G — CO M P R E H E N S I V E R E V I E W
INSTITUTION Western Governors University PROGRAM Advanced Practice Nursing
COURSE CODE D118 COURSE TITLE Comprehensive Cardiology,
Endocrinology, and Infectious
Disease Review
ACADEMIC YEAR EXAM TITLE D118 Comprehensive Cardiology,
Endocrinology, and Infectious
Disease Review for Medical
Students
TOTAL QUESTIONS 60 Questions FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise instructed.
▸ Cardiology, endocrinology, and infectious disease topics are all testable content.
▸ Understanding clinical presentation, diagnostic reasoning, and evidence-based management is
emphasized.
▸ Correct answers and rationales appear below each question for review purposes.
▸ All content reflects current evidence-based practice and D118 curriculum standards.
, SECTION I — CARDIOLOGY, ENDOCRINOLOGY &
Questions 1 – 60
INFECTIOUS DISEASE REVIEW
1. What medication should generally be added next for a 67-year-old with diabetes and CKD
with a BP of 154/92 mm Hg despite taking lisinopril?
A. Thiazide-like diuretic (chlorthalidone) or a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
depending on kidney function and patient factors
B. Beta blocker
C. Alpha blocker
D. Central alpha-2 agonist
CORRECT ANSWER A — Thiazide-like diuretic (chlorthalidone) or a dihydropyridine calcium
channel blocker depending on kidney function and patient factors
RATIONALE For patients with diabetes and CKD who are already on an ACE inhibitor
(lisinopril), the next step in hypertension management is adding a thiazide-like
diuretic or a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker based on kidney function.
2. Which preventive screening should begin at age 45 for average-risk adults?
A. Colorectal cancer screening
B. Lung cancer screening
C. Prostate cancer screening
D. Breast cancer screening
CORRECT ANSWER A — Colorectal cancer screening
RATIONALE Colorectal cancer screening should begin at age 45 for average-risk adults
according to current guidelines.
, 3. Which electrolyte abnormality is most likely in a patient taking hydrochlorothiazide who
develops muscle cramps?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
CORRECT ANSWER A — Hypokalemia
RATIONALE Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that can cause hypokalemia, which may
present with muscle cramps.
4. Which antihypertensive medication should generally be avoided in patients with bilateral
renal artery stenosis?
A. ACE inhibitors and ARBs
B. Calcium channel blockers
C. Beta blockers
D. Diuretics
CORRECT ANSWER A — ACE inhibitors and ARBs
RATIONALE ACE inhibitors and ARBs should generally be avoided in patients with bilateral
renal artery stenosis because they can cause acute kidney injury by reducing
glomerular filtration pressure.
