NURS 8022 Exam 4 GI Patho questions and verified answers|
2026! NURS 8022 Exam 3 EXAM, comprehensive questions and
verified answers| 2026!
What is anorexia in the context of gastrointestinal dysfunction?
A lack of a desire to eat despite physiologic stimuli that would normally produce hunger,
often associated with nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and psychologic distress.
What is vomiting and what initiates the vomiting reflex?
The forceful emptying of the stomach and intestinal contents through the mouth, initiated by
stimuli that activate the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata.
What are some metabolic consequences of vomiting?
Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-balance disturbances including hyponatremia, hypokalemia,
hypochloremia, and metabolic alkalosis.
What is the difference between retching and projectile vomiting?
Retching is nonproductive vomiting, while projectile vomiting is spontaneous vomiting that
occurs without preceding nausea or retching.
What are common symptoms associated with nausea?
Hyper-salivation and tachycardia.
How is constipation defined?
Constipation is defined as infrequent or difficult defecation, which must be individually
defined as bowel patterns vary between individuals.
What are the types of constipation based on pathophysiology?
,Normal transit (functional) constipation, slow-transit constipation, pelvic floor dysfunction,
and secondary constipation due to disease processes.
What are the clinical manifestations of constipation?
Two of the following for at least 3 months: straining with defecation, lumpy or hard stools,
sensation of incomplete emptying, manual maneuvers to facilitate stool evacuation, and
fewer than three bowel movements per week.
What is fecal impaction?
Hard, dry stool retained in the rectum.
What characterizes diarrhea?
Increased frequency of bowel movements with increased volume, fluidity, and weight of the
feces, often serving as a protective mechanism.
What are the types of diarrhea?
Large-volume diarrhea, caused by excessive water or secretions in the intestines, and
small-volume diarrhea, resulting from increased intestinal motility.
What systemic effects can prolonged diarrhea have?
Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, metabolic acidosis, and weight loss.
What are common signs of malabsorption syndromes?
Steatorrhea (fat in stools) and diarrhea.
What systemic manifestations can accompany diarrhea from infections?
Fever and cramping pain.
What are the manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease?
, Fever, cramping pain, and bloody stools.
What is abdominal pain and what can cause it?
A symptom of various gastrointestinal disorders caused by stretching, inflammation, or
ischemia.
What are the types of abdominal pain based on its origin?
Parietal (somatic) pain in the peritoneum, visceral pain in the organs, and referred pain felt
in another area, usually the back.
What biochemical mediators stimulate abdominal pain?
Histamine, bradykinin, and serotonin.
What are the four quadrants of the abdomen?
RUQ (Right Upper Quadrant), RLQ (Right Lower Quadrant), LUQ (Left Upper Quadrant),
LLQ (Left Lower Quadrant).
What organs are located in the RUQ of the abdomen?
Liver, gall bladder, bile duct.
What organs are located in the RLQ of the abdomen?
Appendix, right ovary/fallopian tube.
What organs are located in the LUQ of the abdomen?
Stomach, gastroesophageal junction, spleen.
What organs are located in the LLQ of the abdomen?
Descending colon, left ovary/fallopian tube.
What are common characteristics of normal feces?
2026! NURS 8022 Exam 3 EXAM, comprehensive questions and
verified answers| 2026!
What is anorexia in the context of gastrointestinal dysfunction?
A lack of a desire to eat despite physiologic stimuli that would normally produce hunger,
often associated with nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and psychologic distress.
What is vomiting and what initiates the vomiting reflex?
The forceful emptying of the stomach and intestinal contents through the mouth, initiated by
stimuli that activate the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata.
What are some metabolic consequences of vomiting?
Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-balance disturbances including hyponatremia, hypokalemia,
hypochloremia, and metabolic alkalosis.
What is the difference between retching and projectile vomiting?
Retching is nonproductive vomiting, while projectile vomiting is spontaneous vomiting that
occurs without preceding nausea or retching.
What are common symptoms associated with nausea?
Hyper-salivation and tachycardia.
How is constipation defined?
Constipation is defined as infrequent or difficult defecation, which must be individually
defined as bowel patterns vary between individuals.
What are the types of constipation based on pathophysiology?
,Normal transit (functional) constipation, slow-transit constipation, pelvic floor dysfunction,
and secondary constipation due to disease processes.
What are the clinical manifestations of constipation?
Two of the following for at least 3 months: straining with defecation, lumpy or hard stools,
sensation of incomplete emptying, manual maneuvers to facilitate stool evacuation, and
fewer than three bowel movements per week.
What is fecal impaction?
Hard, dry stool retained in the rectum.
What characterizes diarrhea?
Increased frequency of bowel movements with increased volume, fluidity, and weight of the
feces, often serving as a protective mechanism.
What are the types of diarrhea?
Large-volume diarrhea, caused by excessive water or secretions in the intestines, and
small-volume diarrhea, resulting from increased intestinal motility.
What systemic effects can prolonged diarrhea have?
Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, metabolic acidosis, and weight loss.
What are common signs of malabsorption syndromes?
Steatorrhea (fat in stools) and diarrhea.
What systemic manifestations can accompany diarrhea from infections?
Fever and cramping pain.
What are the manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease?
, Fever, cramping pain, and bloody stools.
What is abdominal pain and what can cause it?
A symptom of various gastrointestinal disorders caused by stretching, inflammation, or
ischemia.
What are the types of abdominal pain based on its origin?
Parietal (somatic) pain in the peritoneum, visceral pain in the organs, and referred pain felt
in another area, usually the back.
What biochemical mediators stimulate abdominal pain?
Histamine, bradykinin, and serotonin.
What are the four quadrants of the abdomen?
RUQ (Right Upper Quadrant), RLQ (Right Lower Quadrant), LUQ (Left Upper Quadrant),
LLQ (Left Lower Quadrant).
What organs are located in the RUQ of the abdomen?
Liver, gall bladder, bile duct.
What organs are located in the RLQ of the abdomen?
Appendix, right ovary/fallopian tube.
What organs are located in the LUQ of the abdomen?
Stomach, gastroesophageal junction, spleen.
What organs are located in the LLQ of the abdomen?
Descending colon, left ovary/fallopian tube.
What are common characteristics of normal feces?
