BIO 315 SBU (MICROBIOLOGY) EXAM
1 UESTIONS AND ANSERS
microbiology - Correct Answers -study of microbes- forms of life too small to be seen
with the naked eye (bacteria, algae, fungi, protists)
RNA polymerase - Correct Answers -produces RNA molecules from DNA template
glycogen phosphorylase - Correct Answers -makes glycogen into glucose monomers
Flagellin - Correct Answers -monomers polymerize to for flagellum aid in bacterial
mobility
polysaccharides & polypeptides - Correct Answers -embedded in lipid bilayer
-forms cells plasma membrane
Early Earth - Correct Answers --little to no oxygen
-soup of chemicals in liquid form
-dating back 3.5 billion years
-formed RNA and Micelle
-RNA used to store genetic code in primitive cells
Microbes - Correct Answers -too small to be seen with naked eye
-fast, cheap, easy to grow
-small # of genes
-produce enzymes for medical use
-gentic manipulation is easier in single celled bacteria then in multicellular eukarya
Microbial genetics - Correct Answers -iron-containing surfaces helped form envt. by
sticking molecules to their surfaces
RNA - Correct Answers -first enzyme; also used as catalyst (EX: Ribosomes-
combination of ribonucleic acid + enzymes)
2 purposes of RNA - Correct Answers -- genetic information storage
- catalysing reactions
Micelle - Correct Answers -single lipid layer
-early form of Plasma membrane
,symbiotic relationship - Correct Answers -when one organism lives inside another
organism
DNA and RNA - Correct Answers -DNA is more stable
We use this to study genetics: - Correct Answers -1. Study effects of single mutations in
DNA individually
2. Study and compare genome across domains (bioinformatics)
Altering genomes of microbes can mass produce molecules humans want and need
EX: insulin is made by inserting into E-Coli cells
When and how did Eukaryotes appear - Correct Answers --Endosymbiotic theory:
primitive prokaryote microbes ingested other microbes starting a symbiotic relationship
Ex: ingested microbes that could use oxygen for the respiratory process to produce
chemical energy became -mitochondria
EX: ingested microbes that could fix CO2 into molecules using light energy-chloroplast
Bacteria and humans - Correct Answers -use double-stranded DNA
-2nd strand of DNA can be used as backup
-DNA is more stable than RNA
- DNA is transcribed into "working copy" via mRNA it's then translated into proteins
needed by the cell
Microbes ARE - Correct Answers --diverse groups in nature
- many different members
-form microbe communities & Ecosystems
NOT! individual cells or populations
Microbes live in - Correct Answers -intestines, plaque on teeth, slime on rocks, mold in
bathrooms
Louis Pasteur - Correct Answers -Late 1800's
-disproved spontaneous generation theory
- when the broth came in contact with bacteria it grew bacteria they didn't just appear
through air
- life cant come from nonliving things
-Air doesn't give birth to microorganisms
Robert Koch - Correct Answers -found Bacillus anthracis & Mycobacterium cause
anthrax and tuberculosis
- helped avoid costly loss of animals
- a specific organism can cause a specific disease (Koch's postulates)
EX: Black plague- spread by fleas and live (not mice)
pseudomurein (archaea) - Correct Answers -B 1,3 linage
, L amino acids
NAG and NAT
tetrapeptide cross bridges
archaea have no pili - Correct Answers -dont know what they use for conjugation but
they transfer plasmid by contact
Synthesis of bacteria cell wall - Correct Answers -1. NAM is synthesized
2. NAM linked to bactoprenol in the cytoplasm
3. NAG is added NAM
4. bacteprenol flips NAM-NAG to the periplasm
B lactam anibiotics - Correct Answers -inhibit peptiglycan cross linking formation via
lysostaphin
Spontaneous generation Theory - Correct Answers -old belief; microbes spontaneously
form life from non-living matter
Yerinsia Pestis - Correct Answers -bacteria
Joseph Lister - Correct Answers -Reduce of death due to disease:
-produce of antiseptics
-sanitation improvement s
-food/water safety (pasteurization)
-improvement of personal hygiene
-vaccination
-treatment of infection with antibiotics
Leeuwenhoek - Correct Answers -Father of microbiology
Joseph lister - Correct Answers -practice infection control
Curl Woese - Correct Answers -3 domain classes of organisms
alexander flemming - Correct Answers -discovers penicillin
Kary Mullis - Correct Answers -events PCR
Craig Venter - Correct Answers -Publishes first complete bacterial genome sequence
Salk & Sabin - Correct Answers -poliovirus vaccine
Lynn Margulis - Correct Answers -proposes endosymbiotic theory
Anton Von - Correct Answers -uses microscope to see organisms
1 UESTIONS AND ANSERS
microbiology - Correct Answers -study of microbes- forms of life too small to be seen
with the naked eye (bacteria, algae, fungi, protists)
RNA polymerase - Correct Answers -produces RNA molecules from DNA template
glycogen phosphorylase - Correct Answers -makes glycogen into glucose monomers
Flagellin - Correct Answers -monomers polymerize to for flagellum aid in bacterial
mobility
polysaccharides & polypeptides - Correct Answers -embedded in lipid bilayer
-forms cells plasma membrane
Early Earth - Correct Answers --little to no oxygen
-soup of chemicals in liquid form
-dating back 3.5 billion years
-formed RNA and Micelle
-RNA used to store genetic code in primitive cells
Microbes - Correct Answers -too small to be seen with naked eye
-fast, cheap, easy to grow
-small # of genes
-produce enzymes for medical use
-gentic manipulation is easier in single celled bacteria then in multicellular eukarya
Microbial genetics - Correct Answers -iron-containing surfaces helped form envt. by
sticking molecules to their surfaces
RNA - Correct Answers -first enzyme; also used as catalyst (EX: Ribosomes-
combination of ribonucleic acid + enzymes)
2 purposes of RNA - Correct Answers -- genetic information storage
- catalysing reactions
Micelle - Correct Answers -single lipid layer
-early form of Plasma membrane
,symbiotic relationship - Correct Answers -when one organism lives inside another
organism
DNA and RNA - Correct Answers -DNA is more stable
We use this to study genetics: - Correct Answers -1. Study effects of single mutations in
DNA individually
2. Study and compare genome across domains (bioinformatics)
Altering genomes of microbes can mass produce molecules humans want and need
EX: insulin is made by inserting into E-Coli cells
When and how did Eukaryotes appear - Correct Answers --Endosymbiotic theory:
primitive prokaryote microbes ingested other microbes starting a symbiotic relationship
Ex: ingested microbes that could use oxygen for the respiratory process to produce
chemical energy became -mitochondria
EX: ingested microbes that could fix CO2 into molecules using light energy-chloroplast
Bacteria and humans - Correct Answers -use double-stranded DNA
-2nd strand of DNA can be used as backup
-DNA is more stable than RNA
- DNA is transcribed into "working copy" via mRNA it's then translated into proteins
needed by the cell
Microbes ARE - Correct Answers --diverse groups in nature
- many different members
-form microbe communities & Ecosystems
NOT! individual cells or populations
Microbes live in - Correct Answers -intestines, plaque on teeth, slime on rocks, mold in
bathrooms
Louis Pasteur - Correct Answers -Late 1800's
-disproved spontaneous generation theory
- when the broth came in contact with bacteria it grew bacteria they didn't just appear
through air
- life cant come from nonliving things
-Air doesn't give birth to microorganisms
Robert Koch - Correct Answers -found Bacillus anthracis & Mycobacterium cause
anthrax and tuberculosis
- helped avoid costly loss of animals
- a specific organism can cause a specific disease (Koch's postulates)
EX: Black plague- spread by fleas and live (not mice)
pseudomurein (archaea) - Correct Answers -B 1,3 linage
, L amino acids
NAG and NAT
tetrapeptide cross bridges
archaea have no pili - Correct Answers -dont know what they use for conjugation but
they transfer plasmid by contact
Synthesis of bacteria cell wall - Correct Answers -1. NAM is synthesized
2. NAM linked to bactoprenol in the cytoplasm
3. NAG is added NAM
4. bacteprenol flips NAM-NAG to the periplasm
B lactam anibiotics - Correct Answers -inhibit peptiglycan cross linking formation via
lysostaphin
Spontaneous generation Theory - Correct Answers -old belief; microbes spontaneously
form life from non-living matter
Yerinsia Pestis - Correct Answers -bacteria
Joseph Lister - Correct Answers -Reduce of death due to disease:
-produce of antiseptics
-sanitation improvement s
-food/water safety (pasteurization)
-improvement of personal hygiene
-vaccination
-treatment of infection with antibiotics
Leeuwenhoek - Correct Answers -Father of microbiology
Joseph lister - Correct Answers -practice infection control
Curl Woese - Correct Answers -3 domain classes of organisms
alexander flemming - Correct Answers -discovers penicillin
Kary Mullis - Correct Answers -events PCR
Craig Venter - Correct Answers -Publishes first complete bacterial genome sequence
Salk & Sabin - Correct Answers -poliovirus vaccine
Lynn Margulis - Correct Answers -proposes endosymbiotic theory
Anton Von - Correct Answers -uses microscope to see organisms
