BIO 315 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
photosynthesis - Correct Answers -energy from sunlight stored in chemical bonds in
sugar
respiration - Correct Answers -energy stored in chemical bonds is released and used to
do work
catabolism - Correct Answers -breakdown of food molecules to acquire energy and
matter
anabolism - Correct Answers -synthesis of molecules needed by the cell
energy carriers - Correct Answers -____________ ___________ couple catabolic and
anabolic processes
Yes - Correct Answers -Are catabolic reactions energetically favorable?
cytosol, pyruvate - Correct Answers -where does glycolysis occur and what molecule is
glucose broken down into?
matrix, acetyl CoA - Correct Answers -where does the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction
occur and what molecule is pyruvate broken down into?
matrix - Correct Answers -where does the citric acid cycle occur?
NADH - Correct Answers -what electron carrier carries electrons through the electron
transport chain in the inner membrane?
O2 - Correct Answers -what is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport
chain?
protons - Correct Answers -energy release is used to pump ____________ across the
inner membrane
proton gradient - Correct Answers -energy source for ATP synthesis by ATP synthase
fermentation - Correct Answers -what regenerates NAD+ from NADH under anaerobic
conditions?
starch - Correct Answers -how is excess food molecules stored in plants?
glycogen - Correct Answers -how is excess food molecules stored in animal cells?
,glycogen synthase - Correct Answers -what enzyme makes glycogen?
glycogen phosphorylase - Correct Answers -what enzyme breaks down glycogen?
matrix - Correct Answers -oxidation of sugars and fats, DNA->RNA->protein
inner membrane - Correct Answers -electron transport enzymes, ATP synthase
outer membrane - Correct Answers -porins (highly aqueous and porous), free diffusion
of any reasonably sized metabolite
intermembrane space - Correct Answers -high concentration of protons relative to
matrix
matrix - Correct Answers -where is mitochondrial DNA?
bacterial - Correct Answers -is mitochondrial DNA like bacterial DNA or eukaryotic
DNA?
reduced - Correct Answers -is NADH reduced or oxidized?
oxidized - Correct Answers -is NAD+ reduced or oxidized?
energy, affinity - Correct Answers -relative __________ of electrons decrease down the
chain
relative __________ for electrons increase down the the chain
proton motive force - Correct Answers -electrochemical gradient for H+
F0 membrane domain, central stalk, F1 ATPase - Correct Answers -What are the three
ATP synthase domains?
pyruvate-H+ cotransport, phosphate-H+ cotransport, ATP-ADP exchange - Correct
Answers -What three other events do H+ gradients drive?
oxidized - Correct Answers -is FAD reduced or oxidized?
reduced - Correct Answers -is FADH2 reduced or oxidized?
DCPIP - Correct Answers -what dye can be used to track succinate dehydrogenase
activity?
blue - Correct Answers -what color is DCPIP when it is oxidized?
colorless - Correct Answers -what color is DCPIP when it is reduced?
, sodium azide - Correct Answers -what is a chemical that blocks ubiquinone?
Vmax - Correct Answers -when substrate is saturated with enzyme
Km - Correct Answers -what equals 1/2 Vmax?
lineweaver burk plot - Correct Answers -what kind of plot is this?
competitive inhibition - Correct Answers -what kind of inhibition causes Vmax to be the
same but it takes slower to get to Vmax? Also, by adding more substrate, you can get
rid of the affects of this type of inhibition
noncompetitive inhibition - Correct Answers -what kind of inhibition decreases Vmax
and when you add more substrate, you cannot get rid of the affects of this type of
inhibition
cytosol - Correct Answers -nuclear, mitochondrial, and peroxisomal proteins are
synthesized in the ____________
nuclear proteins - Correct Answers -what proteins are transported through pores?
nuclear - Correct Answers -what proteins are folded before transporting into the
organelle?
ER, mitochondria, peroxisome - Correct Answers -what proteins are transported through
channels?
ER, mitochondria, peroxisome - Correct Answers -what proteins are unfolded before
transporting into the organelle?
cytosol, sorting signal sequence, sorting signal, receptor, unfolded, sorting signal,
cytosol - Correct Answers -General principles of protein sorting
1. synthesis of all cellular proteins begins in __________ when mRNA is translated by
ribosomes
2. all proteins for a specific organelle have a ____________ __________
_________________
3. each ___________ ___________ has a ______________ that binds to it and directs
transport
4. proteins that are transported through a lipid bilayer are ______________
5. any protein without a ______________ _________ will be in _______________
cytosol, after, signals, receptors, signals - Correct Answers -1st type of protein transport
(for nuclear, mitochondrial, peroxisomal proteins)
1. proteins synthesized by ribosomes in ___________ then transported into
compartments __________ synthesis
photosynthesis - Correct Answers -energy from sunlight stored in chemical bonds in
sugar
respiration - Correct Answers -energy stored in chemical bonds is released and used to
do work
catabolism - Correct Answers -breakdown of food molecules to acquire energy and
matter
anabolism - Correct Answers -synthesis of molecules needed by the cell
energy carriers - Correct Answers -____________ ___________ couple catabolic and
anabolic processes
Yes - Correct Answers -Are catabolic reactions energetically favorable?
cytosol, pyruvate - Correct Answers -where does glycolysis occur and what molecule is
glucose broken down into?
matrix, acetyl CoA - Correct Answers -where does the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction
occur and what molecule is pyruvate broken down into?
matrix - Correct Answers -where does the citric acid cycle occur?
NADH - Correct Answers -what electron carrier carries electrons through the electron
transport chain in the inner membrane?
O2 - Correct Answers -what is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport
chain?
protons - Correct Answers -energy release is used to pump ____________ across the
inner membrane
proton gradient - Correct Answers -energy source for ATP synthesis by ATP synthase
fermentation - Correct Answers -what regenerates NAD+ from NADH under anaerobic
conditions?
starch - Correct Answers -how is excess food molecules stored in plants?
glycogen - Correct Answers -how is excess food molecules stored in animal cells?
,glycogen synthase - Correct Answers -what enzyme makes glycogen?
glycogen phosphorylase - Correct Answers -what enzyme breaks down glycogen?
matrix - Correct Answers -oxidation of sugars and fats, DNA->RNA->protein
inner membrane - Correct Answers -electron transport enzymes, ATP synthase
outer membrane - Correct Answers -porins (highly aqueous and porous), free diffusion
of any reasonably sized metabolite
intermembrane space - Correct Answers -high concentration of protons relative to
matrix
matrix - Correct Answers -where is mitochondrial DNA?
bacterial - Correct Answers -is mitochondrial DNA like bacterial DNA or eukaryotic
DNA?
reduced - Correct Answers -is NADH reduced or oxidized?
oxidized - Correct Answers -is NAD+ reduced or oxidized?
energy, affinity - Correct Answers -relative __________ of electrons decrease down the
chain
relative __________ for electrons increase down the the chain
proton motive force - Correct Answers -electrochemical gradient for H+
F0 membrane domain, central stalk, F1 ATPase - Correct Answers -What are the three
ATP synthase domains?
pyruvate-H+ cotransport, phosphate-H+ cotransport, ATP-ADP exchange - Correct
Answers -What three other events do H+ gradients drive?
oxidized - Correct Answers -is FAD reduced or oxidized?
reduced - Correct Answers -is FADH2 reduced or oxidized?
DCPIP - Correct Answers -what dye can be used to track succinate dehydrogenase
activity?
blue - Correct Answers -what color is DCPIP when it is oxidized?
colorless - Correct Answers -what color is DCPIP when it is reduced?
, sodium azide - Correct Answers -what is a chemical that blocks ubiquinone?
Vmax - Correct Answers -when substrate is saturated with enzyme
Km - Correct Answers -what equals 1/2 Vmax?
lineweaver burk plot - Correct Answers -what kind of plot is this?
competitive inhibition - Correct Answers -what kind of inhibition causes Vmax to be the
same but it takes slower to get to Vmax? Also, by adding more substrate, you can get
rid of the affects of this type of inhibition
noncompetitive inhibition - Correct Answers -what kind of inhibition decreases Vmax
and when you add more substrate, you cannot get rid of the affects of this type of
inhibition
cytosol - Correct Answers -nuclear, mitochondrial, and peroxisomal proteins are
synthesized in the ____________
nuclear proteins - Correct Answers -what proteins are transported through pores?
nuclear - Correct Answers -what proteins are folded before transporting into the
organelle?
ER, mitochondria, peroxisome - Correct Answers -what proteins are transported through
channels?
ER, mitochondria, peroxisome - Correct Answers -what proteins are unfolded before
transporting into the organelle?
cytosol, sorting signal sequence, sorting signal, receptor, unfolded, sorting signal,
cytosol - Correct Answers -General principles of protein sorting
1. synthesis of all cellular proteins begins in __________ when mRNA is translated by
ribosomes
2. all proteins for a specific organelle have a ____________ __________
_________________
3. each ___________ ___________ has a ______________ that binds to it and directs
transport
4. proteins that are transported through a lipid bilayer are ______________
5. any protein without a ______________ _________ will be in _______________
cytosol, after, signals, receptors, signals - Correct Answers -1st type of protein transport
(for nuclear, mitochondrial, peroxisomal proteins)
1. proteins synthesized by ribosomes in ___________ then transported into
compartments __________ synthesis
