MCB 2004 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Most common nosocomial infection - Answers - Urinary tract infection (From catheter)
Sporadic Disease - Answers - disease that occurs occasionally in a population
Ex: Ebola virus in central africa
Ex: last year during West Africa epidemic
Endemic disease - Answers - disease constantly present in a population
Ex: Vibrio cholerae endemic cause of gastrointestinal disease in South Asia.
Epidemic disease - Answers - disease acquired by many hosts in an area in a short
amount of time.
Ex: poorly drained sewage from the UN peacekeepers camp that led to epidemic of
Vibrio cholerae
Pandemic Disease - Answers - Worldwide epidemic
Ex: 1918 a strain of influenza virus.
Ex: Pandemic was averted last year's Ebola epidemic.
Herd Immunity - Answers - Immunity in most of a population either vaccination or
disease exposure.
- even in a population w/ herd immunity, children who are too young to be vaccinated
are vulnerable.
Pathology - Answers - the study of disease
Etiology - Answers - the study of the cause of a disease
Incidence - Answers - fraction of a population that contracts a disease during a specific
time.
Prevalence - Answers - fraction of a population having a SPECIFIC disease at a given
Ex: the incidence of HIV infection is lower now than it was in 1997, but those people will
have HIV forever. The prevalence will continue to increase.
Morbidity - Answers - Incidence of a specific notifiable disease
Mortality - Answers - Deaths from notifiable diseases
Sign - Answers - a change in a body that can measured or observed as a result of
disease
Ex: fever
, Symptom - Answers - a change in body function that is felt by a patient as a result of
disease - reported by a patient.
Ex: pain
Parasitism - Answers - one organism benefits at the expense of the other
Mutualism - Answers - both organisms benefit
Commensalism - Answers - one organism benefits and the other in unaffected. this is
difficult to classify.
Koch's 1st postulate - Answers - the same pathogen must be present in every case of
the disease (also absent in those w/o the disease)
Koch's 2nd postulate - Answers - the pathogen must be isolated from the diseased host
and grown in pure culture.
Koch's 3rd postulate - Answers - the pathogen from the pure culture must cause the
disease when it is inoculated into a healthy, susceptible lab animal
Koch's 4th postulate - Answers - the pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated
animal and must be shown to be the same as the original pathogen.
Nightingale Study - Answers - - She was a nurse among the British troops in the
Crimean War
- Showed that improved sanitation decreased the incidence of epidemic typhus
- Tracked infection rates by month and showed that one factor influencing infection
rates is temperature. (warmer months infection rates increased.)
Analytical epidemiology - Answers - comparison of a diseased group and a healthy
group.
Semmelweis Study - Answers - - Showed hand washing by doctors decreased the
incidence of puerperal fever (infections after giving birth)
Experimental Epidemiology - Answers - controlled experiments
ID50 - Answers - "Infectious Dose" for 50% of the test population
LD50 - Answers - "Lethal Dose" of a toxin for 50% of the test population
Microbial Adhesin - Answers - 1. bind to receptors on host cells
- allows them to attach to a specific host cell type
2. form biofilms
- can be very thick and resistant to removal (plaque on teeth)
ANSWERS
Most common nosocomial infection - Answers - Urinary tract infection (From catheter)
Sporadic Disease - Answers - disease that occurs occasionally in a population
Ex: Ebola virus in central africa
Ex: last year during West Africa epidemic
Endemic disease - Answers - disease constantly present in a population
Ex: Vibrio cholerae endemic cause of gastrointestinal disease in South Asia.
Epidemic disease - Answers - disease acquired by many hosts in an area in a short
amount of time.
Ex: poorly drained sewage from the UN peacekeepers camp that led to epidemic of
Vibrio cholerae
Pandemic Disease - Answers - Worldwide epidemic
Ex: 1918 a strain of influenza virus.
Ex: Pandemic was averted last year's Ebola epidemic.
Herd Immunity - Answers - Immunity in most of a population either vaccination or
disease exposure.
- even in a population w/ herd immunity, children who are too young to be vaccinated
are vulnerable.
Pathology - Answers - the study of disease
Etiology - Answers - the study of the cause of a disease
Incidence - Answers - fraction of a population that contracts a disease during a specific
time.
Prevalence - Answers - fraction of a population having a SPECIFIC disease at a given
Ex: the incidence of HIV infection is lower now than it was in 1997, but those people will
have HIV forever. The prevalence will continue to increase.
Morbidity - Answers - Incidence of a specific notifiable disease
Mortality - Answers - Deaths from notifiable diseases
Sign - Answers - a change in a body that can measured or observed as a result of
disease
Ex: fever
, Symptom - Answers - a change in body function that is felt by a patient as a result of
disease - reported by a patient.
Ex: pain
Parasitism - Answers - one organism benefits at the expense of the other
Mutualism - Answers - both organisms benefit
Commensalism - Answers - one organism benefits and the other in unaffected. this is
difficult to classify.
Koch's 1st postulate - Answers - the same pathogen must be present in every case of
the disease (also absent in those w/o the disease)
Koch's 2nd postulate - Answers - the pathogen must be isolated from the diseased host
and grown in pure culture.
Koch's 3rd postulate - Answers - the pathogen from the pure culture must cause the
disease when it is inoculated into a healthy, susceptible lab animal
Koch's 4th postulate - Answers - the pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated
animal and must be shown to be the same as the original pathogen.
Nightingale Study - Answers - - She was a nurse among the British troops in the
Crimean War
- Showed that improved sanitation decreased the incidence of epidemic typhus
- Tracked infection rates by month and showed that one factor influencing infection
rates is temperature. (warmer months infection rates increased.)
Analytical epidemiology - Answers - comparison of a diseased group and a healthy
group.
Semmelweis Study - Answers - - Showed hand washing by doctors decreased the
incidence of puerperal fever (infections after giving birth)
Experimental Epidemiology - Answers - controlled experiments
ID50 - Answers - "Infectious Dose" for 50% of the test population
LD50 - Answers - "Lethal Dose" of a toxin for 50% of the test population
Microbial Adhesin - Answers - 1. bind to receptors on host cells
- allows them to attach to a specific host cell type
2. form biofilms
- can be very thick and resistant to removal (plaque on teeth)
