portage microbiology module 6 Exam
Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
virus neither pro or euk
small, noncellular particles that cannot
replicare
unless living in a host cell
obligate intracellular parasites
two basic components of viruses 1. genomic material or DNA or RNA
2. a capsid, a membrane-like protective
structure.
that contains the genetic material similar to
the
nucleus of the eukaryotic cell
viral genome structure double or single strand
circular or linear
size of nuclear genomes few thousand nucleotide base pairs to
millions
envelope derived from the host cell membrane and
serves as
an additional barrier to the external
environment
majority of animal viruses are enveloped
,naked/non-enveloped virus virus that only has capsid and no envelope
majority of plant or bacteria-infecting
viruses are
not enveloped
smallpox virus shape enveloped
200 nm long
dumbell shaped
poliovirus shape non-enveloped
30 nm
Paramyxoviruses and composition and function
orthomyxoviruses are both Paramyxoviruses, the causative agent of
enveloped, spherical, and about measles
100- and mumps, contain a single-stranded
150 nm in diameter, but they vary linear
drastically in: genome and fuse with the host cell
membrane to
initiate entry and viral replication. In
contrast,
orthomyxoviruses, the causative agent of
the flu,
contain eight segments of RNA and enter
the host
cell via endocytosis.
viral families viruses are grouped into medically relevant
families
based on whether their genome is DNA or
RNA,
the capsid shape, enveloped or naked,
and
structure of genome
, what type of microscopy is needed electron
to view viruses
How a virus enters a cell to initiate - viral envelope often needed
replicating its genome - proteins required for attachment must be
present
on the outer surface of envelope
- envelope lowers chance of immune
detection by
making it look similar to the hosts cell
viral proteins interact with complementary
proteins
on host cell, the virus attaches, and
evelope fuses
with the membrane and opens releasing
the capsid
into the cytoplasm
once the nucleocapsi enters cytoplasm it
uncoats
and releases the viral genome into the cell
how must non-enveloped virus must be encapsulated and endocytosed
enter into the
the cell host cell
once in cytoplasm the capsid uncoats to
release
the genome
Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
virus neither pro or euk
small, noncellular particles that cannot
replicare
unless living in a host cell
obligate intracellular parasites
two basic components of viruses 1. genomic material or DNA or RNA
2. a capsid, a membrane-like protective
structure.
that contains the genetic material similar to
the
nucleus of the eukaryotic cell
viral genome structure double or single strand
circular or linear
size of nuclear genomes few thousand nucleotide base pairs to
millions
envelope derived from the host cell membrane and
serves as
an additional barrier to the external
environment
majority of animal viruses are enveloped
,naked/non-enveloped virus virus that only has capsid and no envelope
majority of plant or bacteria-infecting
viruses are
not enveloped
smallpox virus shape enveloped
200 nm long
dumbell shaped
poliovirus shape non-enveloped
30 nm
Paramyxoviruses and composition and function
orthomyxoviruses are both Paramyxoviruses, the causative agent of
enveloped, spherical, and about measles
100- and mumps, contain a single-stranded
150 nm in diameter, but they vary linear
drastically in: genome and fuse with the host cell
membrane to
initiate entry and viral replication. In
contrast,
orthomyxoviruses, the causative agent of
the flu,
contain eight segments of RNA and enter
the host
cell via endocytosis.
viral families viruses are grouped into medically relevant
families
based on whether their genome is DNA or
RNA,
the capsid shape, enveloped or naked,
and
structure of genome
, what type of microscopy is needed electron
to view viruses
How a virus enters a cell to initiate - viral envelope often needed
replicating its genome - proteins required for attachment must be
present
on the outer surface of envelope
- envelope lowers chance of immune
detection by
making it look similar to the hosts cell
viral proteins interact with complementary
proteins
on host cell, the virus attaches, and
evelope fuses
with the membrane and opens releasing
the capsid
into the cytoplasm
once the nucleocapsi enters cytoplasm it
uncoats
and releases the viral genome into the cell
how must non-enveloped virus must be encapsulated and endocytosed
enter into the
the cell host cell
once in cytoplasm the capsid uncoats to
release
the genome
