ULTIMATE PPR 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SURE A+
✔✔Lau vs. Nichols - ✔✔Supreme Court rule that schools that do not provide special
help for children with limited English are limiting their civil rights.This is landmark
legislation for bilingual education in the U.S.(1974). The Supreme Court ruled that
school districts must help non-English speaking students learn English.
✔✔Learning center - ✔✔A specific area in the classroom where students can work at
their own ability levels and where materials and activities may be used to develop
knowledge in a given subject area(s).
✔✔learning disability - ✔✔A disorder in one or more of the basic psychological
processes involving understanding or in using language, which may manifest itself in an
imperfect ability to speak, think, listen, read, write, spell, or do mathematical
calculations. Students diagnosed with a learning disability compose almost half of all
students placed in special education programs in schools.
✔✔least restrictive environment - ✔✔A legal requirement that children with disabilities
be educated with their non disabled peers to the greatest extent possible. The says the
students with disabilities should be separated from their age level peers only when their
instructional needs can not be met in the general education setting.
, ✔✔mainstreaming - ✔✔The practice of educating students with special needs in regular
classes during specific time periods based on their skills.
✔✔Abraham Maslow - ✔✔Theory: "Hierarchy of Needs" Maslow is known for
establishing a theory of a hierarchy of human needs in which certain lower needs must
be satisfied before higher needs can be met. Lower level needs consist of food and
safety, and belonging and higher level needs consist of esteem, independence and self-
actualization (personal growth and fulfillment).
✔✔mastery instruction/learning - ✔✔An approach in which the form of instruction and
the time available for learning are based on the individual needs of the student.
instructional objectives are defined and taught directly. Immediate feedback is provided
to the student. The teacher reteaches concepts until the student has mastered them
before moving on to the next concepts.
✔✔mean - ✔✔The arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores
and then dividing by the number of scores.
✔✔median - ✔✔The score that falls exactly in the center of a distribution of scores.
✔✔mental retardation - ✔✔A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an
intelligence score (IQ) below 70 and difficulty in adapting behavior consists with IQ. The
term has been changed to intellectual disability.
✔✔metacognition - ✔✔Literally means "thinking about thinking." It involves activities
such as planning how to approach a given learning task, monitoring comprehension,
and evaluating progress toward the completion of a task are metacognitive in nature. It
plays a critical role in successful learning
✔✔mode - ✔✔The most frequently occurring score in a distribution; it is the simplest
measure of central tendency to determine.
✔✔Morrill Act - ✔✔(1862) Federal law that gave land to western states to build
agricultural and engineering colleges.
✔✔multicultural education - ✔✔Instruction that integrates throughout the curriculum the
perspectives and experiences of numerous cultural groups.
✔✔Nation At Risk - ✔✔1983 National Commission report calling for extensive
educational reforms, including more academic course requirements, more stringent
college entrance requirements, upgraded and updated textbooks, and longer school
days and year.
✔✔norm referenced test - ✔✔A test designed to indicate how an individual performs in
relation to a comparison of grade/age level peers. An IQ test is an example of this.
SURE A+
✔✔Lau vs. Nichols - ✔✔Supreme Court rule that schools that do not provide special
help for children with limited English are limiting their civil rights.This is landmark
legislation for bilingual education in the U.S.(1974). The Supreme Court ruled that
school districts must help non-English speaking students learn English.
✔✔Learning center - ✔✔A specific area in the classroom where students can work at
their own ability levels and where materials and activities may be used to develop
knowledge in a given subject area(s).
✔✔learning disability - ✔✔A disorder in one or more of the basic psychological
processes involving understanding or in using language, which may manifest itself in an
imperfect ability to speak, think, listen, read, write, spell, or do mathematical
calculations. Students diagnosed with a learning disability compose almost half of all
students placed in special education programs in schools.
✔✔least restrictive environment - ✔✔A legal requirement that children with disabilities
be educated with their non disabled peers to the greatest extent possible. The says the
students with disabilities should be separated from their age level peers only when their
instructional needs can not be met in the general education setting.
, ✔✔mainstreaming - ✔✔The practice of educating students with special needs in regular
classes during specific time periods based on their skills.
✔✔Abraham Maslow - ✔✔Theory: "Hierarchy of Needs" Maslow is known for
establishing a theory of a hierarchy of human needs in which certain lower needs must
be satisfied before higher needs can be met. Lower level needs consist of food and
safety, and belonging and higher level needs consist of esteem, independence and self-
actualization (personal growth and fulfillment).
✔✔mastery instruction/learning - ✔✔An approach in which the form of instruction and
the time available for learning are based on the individual needs of the student.
instructional objectives are defined and taught directly. Immediate feedback is provided
to the student. The teacher reteaches concepts until the student has mastered them
before moving on to the next concepts.
✔✔mean - ✔✔The arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores
and then dividing by the number of scores.
✔✔median - ✔✔The score that falls exactly in the center of a distribution of scores.
✔✔mental retardation - ✔✔A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an
intelligence score (IQ) below 70 and difficulty in adapting behavior consists with IQ. The
term has been changed to intellectual disability.
✔✔metacognition - ✔✔Literally means "thinking about thinking." It involves activities
such as planning how to approach a given learning task, monitoring comprehension,
and evaluating progress toward the completion of a task are metacognitive in nature. It
plays a critical role in successful learning
✔✔mode - ✔✔The most frequently occurring score in a distribution; it is the simplest
measure of central tendency to determine.
✔✔Morrill Act - ✔✔(1862) Federal law that gave land to western states to build
agricultural and engineering colleges.
✔✔multicultural education - ✔✔Instruction that integrates throughout the curriculum the
perspectives and experiences of numerous cultural groups.
✔✔Nation At Risk - ✔✔1983 National Commission report calling for extensive
educational reforms, including more academic course requirements, more stringent
college entrance requirements, upgraded and updated textbooks, and longer school
days and year.
✔✔norm referenced test - ✔✔A test designed to indicate how an individual performs in
relation to a comparison of grade/age level peers. An IQ test is an example of this.
