NURS 221
EXAM 1
ACTUAL Questions with Rationales
(Concepts of Pathophysiology in Nursing)
Drexel University
This Document Description:
This document contains a collection of Verified
questions with accurate Answers with
Rationales from Exam 1 of NURS 221 at Drexel
University. It covers core topics assessed in the
course and reflects the actual exam format and question style.
Ideal for exam preparation and concept reinforcement.
,The blood cells include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
a. true
b. false
Correct Answer:
a. true
Expert Explanation:
Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements. The formed elements include
erythrocytes, which transport oxygen; leukocytes, which support immune defense; and
platelets, which assist with hemostasis and clot formation.
The granulocytes most responsible for defense against bacteria are __________.
Correct Answer:
neutrophils
Expert Explanation:
Neutrophils are the most abundant granulocytes and are the primary first-line cellular
responders to acute bacterial infection. They use phagocytosis and antimicrobial
enzymes to destroy invading bacteria.
Around 55% of blood volume consists of __________.
Correct Answer:
plasma
Expert Explanation:
Plasma makes up about 55% of total blood volume. It contains water, electrolytes,
proteins such as albumin and clotting factors, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
Blood is classified as a specialized type of connective tissue.
,a. true
b. false
Correct Answer:
a. true
Expert Explanation:
Blood is considered connective tissue because it contains cells suspended in an
extracellular matrix, which is plasma. Its functions include transport, regulation, and
protection.
Red blood cells are primarily responsible for oxygen transport.
a. true
b. false
Correct Answer:
a. true
Expert Explanation:
Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds oxygen in the lungs and transports it
to tissues. This makes erythrocytes essential for tissue oxygenation and cellular
metabolism.
Hematopoiesis is thought to be controlled by hormone-like factors known as
__________.
Correct Answer:
cytokines
Expert Explanation:
Cytokines and growth factors regulate hematopoiesis by influencing stem cell
differentiation, proliferation, and maturation in the bone marrow.
Bone marrow biopsy is used to assess the number of blood cells.
, a. true
b. false
Correct Answer:
b. false
Expert Explanation:
A complete blood count assesses the number of circulating blood cells. A bone marrow
biopsy evaluates marrow cellularity, abnormal cell growth, marrow infiltration, and
hematopoietic function rather than simply counting circulating cells.
__________ are the main functional cells of the immune system.
Correct Answer:
lymphocytes
Expert Explanation:
Lymphocytes, especially B cells and T cells, are central to adaptive immunity. B cells
produce antibodies, while T cells mediate cellular immune responses.
Pluripotent stem cells can be harvested for an arterial blood sample.
a. true
b. false
Correct Answer:
b. false
Expert Explanation:
Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells are found primarily in bone marrow and can also
be obtained from peripheral blood after mobilization or umbilical cord blood. They are
not harvested from a routine arterial blood sample.
Thrombocytes are also known as __________.
Correct Answer:
platelets
EXAM 1
ACTUAL Questions with Rationales
(Concepts of Pathophysiology in Nursing)
Drexel University
This Document Description:
This document contains a collection of Verified
questions with accurate Answers with
Rationales from Exam 1 of NURS 221 at Drexel
University. It covers core topics assessed in the
course and reflects the actual exam format and question style.
Ideal for exam preparation and concept reinforcement.
,The blood cells include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
a. true
b. false
Correct Answer:
a. true
Expert Explanation:
Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements. The formed elements include
erythrocytes, which transport oxygen; leukocytes, which support immune defense; and
platelets, which assist with hemostasis and clot formation.
The granulocytes most responsible for defense against bacteria are __________.
Correct Answer:
neutrophils
Expert Explanation:
Neutrophils are the most abundant granulocytes and are the primary first-line cellular
responders to acute bacterial infection. They use phagocytosis and antimicrobial
enzymes to destroy invading bacteria.
Around 55% of blood volume consists of __________.
Correct Answer:
plasma
Expert Explanation:
Plasma makes up about 55% of total blood volume. It contains water, electrolytes,
proteins such as albumin and clotting factors, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
Blood is classified as a specialized type of connective tissue.
,a. true
b. false
Correct Answer:
a. true
Expert Explanation:
Blood is considered connective tissue because it contains cells suspended in an
extracellular matrix, which is plasma. Its functions include transport, regulation, and
protection.
Red blood cells are primarily responsible for oxygen transport.
a. true
b. false
Correct Answer:
a. true
Expert Explanation:
Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds oxygen in the lungs and transports it
to tissues. This makes erythrocytes essential for tissue oxygenation and cellular
metabolism.
Hematopoiesis is thought to be controlled by hormone-like factors known as
__________.
Correct Answer:
cytokines
Expert Explanation:
Cytokines and growth factors regulate hematopoiesis by influencing stem cell
differentiation, proliferation, and maturation in the bone marrow.
Bone marrow biopsy is used to assess the number of blood cells.
, a. true
b. false
Correct Answer:
b. false
Expert Explanation:
A complete blood count assesses the number of circulating blood cells. A bone marrow
biopsy evaluates marrow cellularity, abnormal cell growth, marrow infiltration, and
hematopoietic function rather than simply counting circulating cells.
__________ are the main functional cells of the immune system.
Correct Answer:
lymphocytes
Expert Explanation:
Lymphocytes, especially B cells and T cells, are central to adaptive immunity. B cells
produce antibodies, while T cells mediate cellular immune responses.
Pluripotent stem cells can be harvested for an arterial blood sample.
a. true
b. false
Correct Answer:
b. false
Expert Explanation:
Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells are found primarily in bone marrow and can also
be obtained from peripheral blood after mobilization or umbilical cord blood. They are
not harvested from a routine arterial blood sample.
Thrombocytes are also known as __________.
Correct Answer:
platelets
