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PAM EXAM 3 PART 9 – FLUIDS STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 2026/2027

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PAM EXAM 3 PART 9 – FLUIDS STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 2026/2027

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PAM EXAM 3 PART 9 – FLUIDS STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
2026/2027



Important questions with fluids - ANS ✔✔1. Does the case need fluids?

2. What type of therapy/type of fluids?

3. Route?

4. How much

5. How fast?



fluids administered too fast can result in... - ANS ✔✔pulmonary edema and death



when is fluid therapy needed? - ANS ✔✔-dehydration -> assess skin tent and eye

-shock -> acute blood loss or a hydrops situation



when can dehydration be detected? - ANS ✔✔5%



What route of fluids for calf diarrhea? - ANS ✔✔-esophageal if <8% dehydrated or still standing

-otherwise IV preferred



What blood pH indicates acidosis? - ANS ✔✔<7.2



ruminal acidosis fluids - ANS ✔✔1.3 or 8% NaHCO3 IV is best



Causes of acidosis - ANS ✔✔-ruminal acidosis

-urinary tract disease

-SI obstruction problems

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