, TESTBANK FOR Research Methods for Criminology and Criminal Justice
Fourth Edition Dantzker
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
Quizzes, Midterm and final exams are included (if available in the original resources).
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
New editions are added regularly – stay connected for updates!
⚠️Note on Answer Keys: If the answer key is not included within the chapter
questions, you will find the complete answers and solutions at the end of each
chapter.
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,Essay
1. Discuss tradition and authority as sources of human learning and be able to contrast
their strengths and weaknesses.
2. Present and discuss the errors that plague casual observation.
3. Define what is meant by the scientific method. Explain how it seeks to remedy the
errors of casual observation.
4. Compare and contrast the relationship between theory and research within the
inductive and deductive logic processes.
5. Define research and explain its purpose.
6. Compare and contrast basic, applied, and multipurpose research.
7. Present and discuss the various types of research.
8. Present and discuss the reasons for criminologic research.
9. Present and discuss the various factors that influence research decisions.
10. Describe the primary steps in conducting research.
,True/False
11. Scientific investigation is very similar to criminal investigation, which makes use of a
logical order and established procedures to solve real-world problems.
Answer: True
Page: 4
12. Typical real world conclusions are often flawed because of a number of issues that
cause one’s observations and reasoning to be inaccurate. The scientific method seeks to
provide a means of investigation to correct (or at least limit) the inaccuracies of ordinary
human inquiry.
Answer: True
Page: 4
13. How one interprets their own observations and what one learns from others is based
on mores and authority.
Answer: False
Page: 5
14. Casual inquiry is influenced by the sources of knowledge (tradition and inquiry). In
addition, there are other pitfalls that create errors in one’s observations. The information
gathered during casual inquiry may be flawed because of inaccurate observation,
overgeneralization, selective observation, and illogical reasoning.
Answer: True
Page: 5
15. The scientific method seeks to prevent errors of casual inquiry by using procedures
that specify objectivity, logic, theoretical understanding, and knowledge of prior research
in the development and use of a precise measurement instrument designed to record
observations accurately.
,Answer: False
Pages: 6-7
16. The scientific method is a search for understanding.
Answer: False
Page: 7
17. The formula for the scientific method includes empiricism, skepticism, objectivity,
intersubjectivity, parsimony, and accuracy.
Answer: True
Page: 7
18. Theory is integral in the development of research. Likewise, theory that has been
validated by research is the basis for practice in the criminal justice system.
Answer: True
Page: 8
19. The relationship between theory and research may be either conductive or
redeductive in nature.
Answer: False
Page: 8
20. Research is the conscientious study of an issue, problem, or subject. It is a useful
form of inquiry designed to assist in discovering answers. It can also lead to the creation
of new questions.
Answer: True
Page: 9
,21. There are many formal definitions for the term research. This text uses: “the scientific
investigation into or of a specifically identified phenomenon and is applicable to
recognizable and undiscovered phenomena.”
Answer: True
Pages: 9-10
22. Criminal justice and criminological research is often divided into two forms:
evaluation and applied.
Answer: False
Page: 11
23. The answer to why one studies research is the same reason as why one conducts
research: to gain knowledge. This knowledge may occur in one of four formats or types:
(1) descriptive, (2) explanatory, (3) predictive, and (4) intervening knowledge.
Answer: True
Page: 12
24. There are a number of specific reasons for conducting criminal justice or criminologic
research. Ultimately, the reason is because it is of interest to the researcher. Three
primary reasons include (1) curiosity, (2) addressing social problems, and (3) the
development and testing of theories.
Answer: True
Page: 14
25. Regardless of why the research is conducted, one must be cognizant of factors that
can influence why and how it is conducted. These factors should be identified and
carefully considered before starting the research. There are three main factors that
influence research: (1) social and political, (2) practicality, and (3) ethical considerations.
Answer: True
Page: 14
,26. Regardless of the nature of the research, certain basic steps are applicable. There are
five primary steps in conducting research: (1) identifying the research problem, (2)
research design, (3) data collection, (4) data analyses, and (5) reporting of results.
Answer: False
Page: 15
27. One of the most often used methods of research is field research.
Answer: False
Page: 16
Multiple Choice
28. Scientific investigation is very similar to criminal investigation in that it makes use of
___________ and established procedures to solve real-world problems.
A. a logical order
B. data
C. rationality
D. research
Answer: A
Page: 4
29. The scientific method seeks to provide a means of investigation to correct (or at least
limit) the _______________.
A. false research findings
B. inaccuracies of ordinary human inquiry
C. reporting of faulty findings
D. need for extra research
Answer: B
Page: 5
30. How one interprets their own observations and what one learns from others is based
on _________ and authority.
,A. mores
B. norms
C. tradition
D. history
Answer: C
Page: 5
31. Which of the following is not associated with causing flaws in casual inquiry?
A. inaccurate observation
B. generalization
C. selective observation
D. illogical reasoning
Answer: B
Page: 5
32. The scientific method seeks to prevent errors of casual inquiry by using procedures
that specify all of the following except _________.
A. objectivity
B. logic
C. theoretical understanding
D. authority
Answer: D
Page: 6
33. The scientific method is a search for ___________.
A. understanding
B. knowledge
C. rationality
D. empiricism
Answer: B
Page: 7
34. _________________ is the attempt to reduce the sum of possible explanations for an
event or phenomenon to the smallest possible number.
,A. Empiricism
B. Intersubjectivity
C. Parsimony
D. Accuracy
Answer: C
Page: 7
35. Theory is not ___________________________.
A. an attempt to explain why a particular social activity or event occurs
B. a generalized explanation about the phenomenon being studied
C. integral in the development of research
D. an attempt to reduce the sum of possible explanations for an event or phenomenon to
the smallest possible number
Answer: D
Pages: 7-8
36. In this process the researcher observes an event, makes empirical generalizations
about the activity, and constructs a theory based on these activities.
A. Deductive logic
B. Reductive logic
C. Inductive logic
D. Conductive logic
Answer: C
Page: 8
37. Research is not ______________________.
A. the conscientious study of an issue, problem, or subject
B. a useful form of inquiry designed to assist in discovering answers
C. of any value when findings aren’t what the researcher had sought
D. something that leads to the creation of new questions.
Answer: C
Page: 9
, 38. ___________________ can be defined as “the scientific investigation into or of a
specifically identified phenomenon and is applicable to recognizable and undiscovered
phenomena”.
A. Scientific method
B. Inquiry
C. Research
D. Logic
Answer: C
Page: 10
39. Perhaps the most immediately useful type of research in criminal justice is
____________ research, which is primarily an inquiry of a scientific nature designed and
conducted with practical application as its goal
A. basic
B. applied
C. evaluative
D. multipurpose
Answer: B
Page: 11
40. ______________ knowledge allows one to intercede before a problem or issue gets
too difficult to address. This type of research can be quite significant when a problem
arises that currently available means are not properly addressing it.
A. Descriptive
B. Explanatory
C. Predictive
D. Intervening
Answer: D
Page: 13
41. There are a number of specific reasons for conducting criminal justice or
criminological research. The three primary reasons do not include ____________.
A. curiosity
B. financial gain
C. addressing social problems
D. the development and testing of theories
Fourth Edition Dantzker
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
Quizzes, Midterm and final exams are included (if available in the original resources).
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
New editions are added regularly – stay connected for updates!
⚠️Note on Answer Keys: If the answer key is not included within the chapter
questions, you will find the complete answers and solutions at the end of each
chapter.
✅ Why Buy From Us?
📚 Complete & organized chapter-by-chapter – no missing content, no guessing.
⚡ Instant digital delivery – get your file the moment you pay, no waiting.
📅 Always up to date – we track new editions so you always get the latest version.
💬 Friendly support – real humans ready to help, anytime you need us.
🔒 Safe & secure – thousands of satisfied students trust us every semester.
🛡️Our Guarantees
💰 Money-Back Guarantee: Not satisfied? We offer a full refund – no questions asked.
🔄 Wrong File? No Problem: Contact us and we will replace it immediately with the
correct version, free of charge.
⏰ 24/7 Support: We are always here – reach out anytime and expect a fast response.
,Essay
1. Discuss tradition and authority as sources of human learning and be able to contrast
their strengths and weaknesses.
2. Present and discuss the errors that plague casual observation.
3. Define what is meant by the scientific method. Explain how it seeks to remedy the
errors of casual observation.
4. Compare and contrast the relationship between theory and research within the
inductive and deductive logic processes.
5. Define research and explain its purpose.
6. Compare and contrast basic, applied, and multipurpose research.
7. Present and discuss the various types of research.
8. Present and discuss the reasons for criminologic research.
9. Present and discuss the various factors that influence research decisions.
10. Describe the primary steps in conducting research.
,True/False
11. Scientific investigation is very similar to criminal investigation, which makes use of a
logical order and established procedures to solve real-world problems.
Answer: True
Page: 4
12. Typical real world conclusions are often flawed because of a number of issues that
cause one’s observations and reasoning to be inaccurate. The scientific method seeks to
provide a means of investigation to correct (or at least limit) the inaccuracies of ordinary
human inquiry.
Answer: True
Page: 4
13. How one interprets their own observations and what one learns from others is based
on mores and authority.
Answer: False
Page: 5
14. Casual inquiry is influenced by the sources of knowledge (tradition and inquiry). In
addition, there are other pitfalls that create errors in one’s observations. The information
gathered during casual inquiry may be flawed because of inaccurate observation,
overgeneralization, selective observation, and illogical reasoning.
Answer: True
Page: 5
15. The scientific method seeks to prevent errors of casual inquiry by using procedures
that specify objectivity, logic, theoretical understanding, and knowledge of prior research
in the development and use of a precise measurement instrument designed to record
observations accurately.
,Answer: False
Pages: 6-7
16. The scientific method is a search for understanding.
Answer: False
Page: 7
17. The formula for the scientific method includes empiricism, skepticism, objectivity,
intersubjectivity, parsimony, and accuracy.
Answer: True
Page: 7
18. Theory is integral in the development of research. Likewise, theory that has been
validated by research is the basis for practice in the criminal justice system.
Answer: True
Page: 8
19. The relationship between theory and research may be either conductive or
redeductive in nature.
Answer: False
Page: 8
20. Research is the conscientious study of an issue, problem, or subject. It is a useful
form of inquiry designed to assist in discovering answers. It can also lead to the creation
of new questions.
Answer: True
Page: 9
,21. There are many formal definitions for the term research. This text uses: “the scientific
investigation into or of a specifically identified phenomenon and is applicable to
recognizable and undiscovered phenomena.”
Answer: True
Pages: 9-10
22. Criminal justice and criminological research is often divided into two forms:
evaluation and applied.
Answer: False
Page: 11
23. The answer to why one studies research is the same reason as why one conducts
research: to gain knowledge. This knowledge may occur in one of four formats or types:
(1) descriptive, (2) explanatory, (3) predictive, and (4) intervening knowledge.
Answer: True
Page: 12
24. There are a number of specific reasons for conducting criminal justice or criminologic
research. Ultimately, the reason is because it is of interest to the researcher. Three
primary reasons include (1) curiosity, (2) addressing social problems, and (3) the
development and testing of theories.
Answer: True
Page: 14
25. Regardless of why the research is conducted, one must be cognizant of factors that
can influence why and how it is conducted. These factors should be identified and
carefully considered before starting the research. There are three main factors that
influence research: (1) social and political, (2) practicality, and (3) ethical considerations.
Answer: True
Page: 14
,26. Regardless of the nature of the research, certain basic steps are applicable. There are
five primary steps in conducting research: (1) identifying the research problem, (2)
research design, (3) data collection, (4) data analyses, and (5) reporting of results.
Answer: False
Page: 15
27. One of the most often used methods of research is field research.
Answer: False
Page: 16
Multiple Choice
28. Scientific investigation is very similar to criminal investigation in that it makes use of
___________ and established procedures to solve real-world problems.
A. a logical order
B. data
C. rationality
D. research
Answer: A
Page: 4
29. The scientific method seeks to provide a means of investigation to correct (or at least
limit) the _______________.
A. false research findings
B. inaccuracies of ordinary human inquiry
C. reporting of faulty findings
D. need for extra research
Answer: B
Page: 5
30. How one interprets their own observations and what one learns from others is based
on _________ and authority.
,A. mores
B. norms
C. tradition
D. history
Answer: C
Page: 5
31. Which of the following is not associated with causing flaws in casual inquiry?
A. inaccurate observation
B. generalization
C. selective observation
D. illogical reasoning
Answer: B
Page: 5
32. The scientific method seeks to prevent errors of casual inquiry by using procedures
that specify all of the following except _________.
A. objectivity
B. logic
C. theoretical understanding
D. authority
Answer: D
Page: 6
33. The scientific method is a search for ___________.
A. understanding
B. knowledge
C. rationality
D. empiricism
Answer: B
Page: 7
34. _________________ is the attempt to reduce the sum of possible explanations for an
event or phenomenon to the smallest possible number.
,A. Empiricism
B. Intersubjectivity
C. Parsimony
D. Accuracy
Answer: C
Page: 7
35. Theory is not ___________________________.
A. an attempt to explain why a particular social activity or event occurs
B. a generalized explanation about the phenomenon being studied
C. integral in the development of research
D. an attempt to reduce the sum of possible explanations for an event or phenomenon to
the smallest possible number
Answer: D
Pages: 7-8
36. In this process the researcher observes an event, makes empirical generalizations
about the activity, and constructs a theory based on these activities.
A. Deductive logic
B. Reductive logic
C. Inductive logic
D. Conductive logic
Answer: C
Page: 8
37. Research is not ______________________.
A. the conscientious study of an issue, problem, or subject
B. a useful form of inquiry designed to assist in discovering answers
C. of any value when findings aren’t what the researcher had sought
D. something that leads to the creation of new questions.
Answer: C
Page: 9
, 38. ___________________ can be defined as “the scientific investigation into or of a
specifically identified phenomenon and is applicable to recognizable and undiscovered
phenomena”.
A. Scientific method
B. Inquiry
C. Research
D. Logic
Answer: C
Page: 10
39. Perhaps the most immediately useful type of research in criminal justice is
____________ research, which is primarily an inquiry of a scientific nature designed and
conducted with practical application as its goal
A. basic
B. applied
C. evaluative
D. multipurpose
Answer: B
Page: 11
40. ______________ knowledge allows one to intercede before a problem or issue gets
too difficult to address. This type of research can be quite significant when a problem
arises that currently available means are not properly addressing it.
A. Descriptive
B. Explanatory
C. Predictive
D. Intervening
Answer: D
Page: 13
41. There are a number of specific reasons for conducting criminal justice or
criminological research. The three primary reasons do not include ____________.
A. curiosity
B. financial gain
C. addressing social problems
D. the development and testing of theories
