PART 1: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS
QUESTION 1
What is the difference between Endocrine and Exocrine glands?
A) Exocrine glands secrete into the bloodstream; Endocrine glands secrete into ducts
B) Exocrine glands secrete into ducts; Endocrine glands secrete directly into the
bloodstream
C) Both secrete directly into the bloodstream
D) Both secrete into ducts
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Exocrine glands secrete substances into a ductal system to an epithelial
surface, while endocrine glands secrete products directly into the bloodstream
QUESTION 2
What are water-soluble hormones made from?
A) Cholesterol
B) Amino acids
C) Fatty acids
D) Carbohydrates
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Water-soluble hormones are made from amino acids. They cannot pass
through the plasma membrane and therefore act on plasma membrane receptors
,QUESTION 3
What are lipid-soluble hormones made from?
A) Amino acids
B) Nucleic acids
C) Cholesterol
D) Glucose
ANSWER: C
RATIONALE: Lipid-soluble hormones are made from cholesterol. Examples include
estrogen, cortisol, and progesterone
QUESTION 4
Which hormone is NOT considered a peptide/polypeptide hormone?
A) Growth hormone
B) Insulin
C) Cortisol
D) Prolactin
ANSWER: C
RATIONALE: Cortisol is a steroid hormone (lipid-soluble), not a peptide. Growth hormone,
insulin, leptin, and prolactin are peptide hormones
QUESTION 5
Which catecholamines function as both hormones and neurotransmitters?
A) Dopamine and serotonin
B) Epinephrine and norepinephrine
C) Acetylcholine and GABA
D) Histamine and dopamine
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Epinephrine and norepinephrine are catecholamines that function as both
hormones and neurotransmitters .
,QUESTION 6
Thyroxine (T4) is classified as:
A) Water-soluble amine
B) Lipid-soluble amine
C) Peptide hormone
D) Steroid hormone
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Thyroxine is a lipid-soluble amine, not water-soluble
QUESTION 7
What is the most common feedback loop in the endocrine system?
A) Positive feedback loop
B) Negative feedback loop
C) Cyclic variation
D) Feedforward regulation
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Negative feedback is the most common regulatory mechanism in the
endocrine system, maintaining hormone levels within a healthy range
QUESTION 8
The release of oxytocin during childbirth to initiate and amplify uterine contractions is
an example of:
A) Negative feedback loop
B) Positive feedback loop
C) Feedforward regulation
D) Cyclic variation
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Positive feedback loops are less common but crucial in situations like
childbirth, where oxytocin release escalates until delivery
, PART 2: ANTERIOR PITUITARY & HYPOTHALAMUS
QUESTION 9
Which hormone stimulates the release of growth hormone?
A) Somatostatin
B) Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
D) Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH)
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is produced by the
hypothalamus and stimulates the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary
QUESTION 10
Which hormone is responsible for ketosis?
A) Insulin
B) Cortisol
C) Growth hormone
D) Glucagon
ANSWER: C
RATIONALE: Growth hormone is responsible for ketosis by promoting the breakdown of
fats for energy
QUESTION 1
What is the difference between Endocrine and Exocrine glands?
A) Exocrine glands secrete into the bloodstream; Endocrine glands secrete into ducts
B) Exocrine glands secrete into ducts; Endocrine glands secrete directly into the
bloodstream
C) Both secrete directly into the bloodstream
D) Both secrete into ducts
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Exocrine glands secrete substances into a ductal system to an epithelial
surface, while endocrine glands secrete products directly into the bloodstream
QUESTION 2
What are water-soluble hormones made from?
A) Cholesterol
B) Amino acids
C) Fatty acids
D) Carbohydrates
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Water-soluble hormones are made from amino acids. They cannot pass
through the plasma membrane and therefore act on plasma membrane receptors
,QUESTION 3
What are lipid-soluble hormones made from?
A) Amino acids
B) Nucleic acids
C) Cholesterol
D) Glucose
ANSWER: C
RATIONALE: Lipid-soluble hormones are made from cholesterol. Examples include
estrogen, cortisol, and progesterone
QUESTION 4
Which hormone is NOT considered a peptide/polypeptide hormone?
A) Growth hormone
B) Insulin
C) Cortisol
D) Prolactin
ANSWER: C
RATIONALE: Cortisol is a steroid hormone (lipid-soluble), not a peptide. Growth hormone,
insulin, leptin, and prolactin are peptide hormones
QUESTION 5
Which catecholamines function as both hormones and neurotransmitters?
A) Dopamine and serotonin
B) Epinephrine and norepinephrine
C) Acetylcholine and GABA
D) Histamine and dopamine
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Epinephrine and norepinephrine are catecholamines that function as both
hormones and neurotransmitters .
,QUESTION 6
Thyroxine (T4) is classified as:
A) Water-soluble amine
B) Lipid-soluble amine
C) Peptide hormone
D) Steroid hormone
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Thyroxine is a lipid-soluble amine, not water-soluble
QUESTION 7
What is the most common feedback loop in the endocrine system?
A) Positive feedback loop
B) Negative feedback loop
C) Cyclic variation
D) Feedforward regulation
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Negative feedback is the most common regulatory mechanism in the
endocrine system, maintaining hormone levels within a healthy range
QUESTION 8
The release of oxytocin during childbirth to initiate and amplify uterine contractions is
an example of:
A) Negative feedback loop
B) Positive feedback loop
C) Feedforward regulation
D) Cyclic variation
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Positive feedback loops are less common but crucial in situations like
childbirth, where oxytocin release escalates until delivery
, PART 2: ANTERIOR PITUITARY & HYPOTHALAMUS
QUESTION 9
Which hormone stimulates the release of growth hormone?
A) Somatostatin
B) Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
D) Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH)
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is produced by the
hypothalamus and stimulates the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary
QUESTION 10
Which hormone is responsible for ketosis?
A) Insulin
B) Cortisol
C) Growth hormone
D) Glucagon
ANSWER: C
RATIONALE: Growth hormone is responsible for ketosis by promoting the breakdown of
fats for energy
