NSG 210 LATEST FINAL EXAMS QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Preoperational - ✔✔2-7 yrs
Egocentrism: (child cannot see from the perspective of another)
Transductive reasoning: (drawing conclusions from one fact to another)
Magical thinking: (Events occur because of thoughts and wishes (ex. Grandparent dies
and kid thinks it's their fault because they thought of a bad thought about them)
Centrism: (Ability to consider one aspect of a situation at a time (cannot look at the big
picture)
Animism: giving life to an inanimate object and goes into magical thinking as well
✔✔Concrete operational - ✔✔7-11 yrs
(accurate understanding of cause and effect)
Conservation (matter does not change when the form is altered)
✔✔Formal operational - ✔✔11 yrs-adult
Fully mature intellectual thought
Abstract thinking
✔✔Weight gaining expectations (G & D) - ✔✔*Between 5-6 months birth weight is
doubled (BW x2)
*6 months still gaining weight just not as quickly
*12 months BW is tripled (BW x3)
*24 months BW is quadrupled (BW x4)
✔✔Normal pregnancy findings - ✔✔-Gums become hyperemic, gingivitis, swollen, and
friable and tend to bleed easily, saliva is acidic, ptyalism (excessive salivation),
-Pyrosis (Heartburn)
-Nausea and Vomiting
, -Striae gravidarum (stretch marks)
-Linea Nigra (Pigmented line from umbilicus to pubic area)
-Increased heart rate, cardiac output, blood volume, plasma volume, anemia
-Gestation hypertension (increased blood pressure)
-Edema in legs in turn increases venous thrombosis
-Increased urination
-Diaphragmatic breathing
-Penguin waddle/swayback walk (Lordosis-curvature of back)
-Hyperpigmentation mainly seen on nipples, areola, umbilicus, perineum, and axilla
(generalized and mild)
-Hair loss and growing of nails (increased brittleness)
-Facial melasma (Mask of pregnancy- hyperpigmentation on face)
-Varicose veins (purple bluish veins) or even vascular spiders (appearance of small
blood vessels)
-Palmar erythema (pinkish area on palmar surface of hands)
✔✔Confirming pregnancy status - ✔✔Subjective (Presumptive) signs: signs that the
mother can perceive
-Missing a period, consistent nausea, fatigue, breast tenderness, urinary frequency
-Positive occurrence: Ultrasound verification of embryo or fetus (4-6 weeks), Fetal
movement felt by doctor (20 weeks)
Auscultation of fetal heart tones via Doppler (10-12 weeks)
-Urine or blood test done at Doctor's office to test for evidence of (hCG) human
chorionic gondaotropin***
Braxton Hicks contractions (16-28 wks)\
Positive pregnancy test (4-12 wks)
Abdominal enlargement (14 wks)
Ballottement (16-28 wks)
Goodell's sign- Softening of the cervix (5 wks)
Chadwick's sign: Bluish-purple coloration of the vaginal mucosa and cervix (6-8 wks)
Hegar's sign- Softening of the lower uterine segment or isthmus (6-12 wks)
✔✔Expected hormonal changes during pregnancy - ✔✔*Pregnancy mask (Facial
melasma): face discoloration goes away after pregnancy
*Leukorrhea: Secretions are clear to white; no odor; increasing vaginal secretions in
order to prevent any infection from happening in vaginal area because it could harm
placenta
*Secretions are normal as long as it does not itch, does not have an odor, or is not
yellow
*Backaches and headaches are normal- recommend Tylenol, massages, heating pads
are really good
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Preoperational - ✔✔2-7 yrs
Egocentrism: (child cannot see from the perspective of another)
Transductive reasoning: (drawing conclusions from one fact to another)
Magical thinking: (Events occur because of thoughts and wishes (ex. Grandparent dies
and kid thinks it's their fault because they thought of a bad thought about them)
Centrism: (Ability to consider one aspect of a situation at a time (cannot look at the big
picture)
Animism: giving life to an inanimate object and goes into magical thinking as well
✔✔Concrete operational - ✔✔7-11 yrs
(accurate understanding of cause and effect)
Conservation (matter does not change when the form is altered)
✔✔Formal operational - ✔✔11 yrs-adult
Fully mature intellectual thought
Abstract thinking
✔✔Weight gaining expectations (G & D) - ✔✔*Between 5-6 months birth weight is
doubled (BW x2)
*6 months still gaining weight just not as quickly
*12 months BW is tripled (BW x3)
*24 months BW is quadrupled (BW x4)
✔✔Normal pregnancy findings - ✔✔-Gums become hyperemic, gingivitis, swollen, and
friable and tend to bleed easily, saliva is acidic, ptyalism (excessive salivation),
-Pyrosis (Heartburn)
-Nausea and Vomiting
, -Striae gravidarum (stretch marks)
-Linea Nigra (Pigmented line from umbilicus to pubic area)
-Increased heart rate, cardiac output, blood volume, plasma volume, anemia
-Gestation hypertension (increased blood pressure)
-Edema in legs in turn increases venous thrombosis
-Increased urination
-Diaphragmatic breathing
-Penguin waddle/swayback walk (Lordosis-curvature of back)
-Hyperpigmentation mainly seen on nipples, areola, umbilicus, perineum, and axilla
(generalized and mild)
-Hair loss and growing of nails (increased brittleness)
-Facial melasma (Mask of pregnancy- hyperpigmentation on face)
-Varicose veins (purple bluish veins) or even vascular spiders (appearance of small
blood vessels)
-Palmar erythema (pinkish area on palmar surface of hands)
✔✔Confirming pregnancy status - ✔✔Subjective (Presumptive) signs: signs that the
mother can perceive
-Missing a period, consistent nausea, fatigue, breast tenderness, urinary frequency
-Positive occurrence: Ultrasound verification of embryo or fetus (4-6 weeks), Fetal
movement felt by doctor (20 weeks)
Auscultation of fetal heart tones via Doppler (10-12 weeks)
-Urine or blood test done at Doctor's office to test for evidence of (hCG) human
chorionic gondaotropin***
Braxton Hicks contractions (16-28 wks)\
Positive pregnancy test (4-12 wks)
Abdominal enlargement (14 wks)
Ballottement (16-28 wks)
Goodell's sign- Softening of the cervix (5 wks)
Chadwick's sign: Bluish-purple coloration of the vaginal mucosa and cervix (6-8 wks)
Hegar's sign- Softening of the lower uterine segment or isthmus (6-12 wks)
✔✔Expected hormonal changes during pregnancy - ✔✔*Pregnancy mask (Facial
melasma): face discoloration goes away after pregnancy
*Leukorrhea: Secretions are clear to white; no odor; increasing vaginal secretions in
order to prevent any infection from happening in vaginal area because it could harm
placenta
*Secretions are normal as long as it does not itch, does not have an odor, or is not
yellow
*Backaches and headaches are normal- recommend Tylenol, massages, heating pads
are really good
