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Nur 265 – Cardiovascular Questions and Answers with Solutions
UPDATED!!!!
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) - ANSWER A way of describing
the disorders and manifestations that make up unstable Angina
and Myocardial Infarction.
• Describe any conditions characterized by signs and symptoms
of sudden myocardial ischemia
Afterload - ANSWER The force that the ventricles must develop
to eject blood into circulation
• The amount of resistance against which the hearty must
pump to get blood into systemic circulation
Angina - ANSWER Manifestations
• Paroxysmal retrosternal or sternal pain
• Pain may radiate down inner aspect of the left arm or both
arms to the neck, jaw, shoulders, teeth or tongue. Sometimes
the patient complains of discomfort only in the area of radiated
pain without chest discomfort
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• Pain is often described as a feeling of strangling or choking,
tightness, diaphoresis, constricting,indigestion, heaviness or
aching
Angina - ANSWER Manifestations
• Weakness or numbness in the arms, wrist, and hands may
accompany pain
• Patient may clench fist over the sternum when describing pain
• Asymptomatic in some patients. The elderly and women may
only experience syncope
• Pain <15 mins
• In cold weather, elderly may develop symptoms faster due to
less subQ fat
• May have apprehension and sense of impending doom
• Women: indigestion, choking feeling (therefore often
misdiagnosed)
Angina - ANSWER Medical Management
• Vasodilators
• Beta Blockers
• CCB - when BB aren't effective
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• Anti-Lipid Drugs
• Platelet Modifiers
• Aspirin
Procedures/Diagnostic
• EKG
• Treadmill (Stress Test)
• Cardiac Catherization
• Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA)
• Cardiac Stent
• Atherectomy
• Surgery
Angina - ANSWER Nursing Management
• Data Collection - onset, location, duration, accompanying
symptoms, radiates, relief
• Assessment, Identify health problems, Outcomes,
Implementation
• Promote comfort
• Promote tissue perfusion
• Promote activity
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• Administer Nitroglycerin Therapy
Angina Pectoris - ANSWER • Usually associated with exertion
and relieved by rest or vasodilating medications
• Can be stable or unstable
• Activities That Can Bring On an Anginal Attack
- Exposure to cold
- Strenuous workout
- Stress
- Emotional Provoking
- Heavy Meal
- Sex
- Running up a flight of stairs too fast
Angina Pectoris - ANSWER Recurrent chest pain or discomfort
(pressure) that is brought about by activities that increase
myocardial oxygen demands
• Is usually relieved by rest or medication
• Most often caused by significant coronary atherosclerosis
Nur 265 – Cardiovascular Questions and Answers with Solutions
UPDATED!!!!
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) - ANSWER A way of describing
the disorders and manifestations that make up unstable Angina
and Myocardial Infarction.
• Describe any conditions characterized by signs and symptoms
of sudden myocardial ischemia
Afterload - ANSWER The force that the ventricles must develop
to eject blood into circulation
• The amount of resistance against which the hearty must
pump to get blood into systemic circulation
Angina - ANSWER Manifestations
• Paroxysmal retrosternal or sternal pain
• Pain may radiate down inner aspect of the left arm or both
arms to the neck, jaw, shoulders, teeth or tongue. Sometimes
the patient complains of discomfort only in the area of radiated
pain without chest discomfort
, Page |2
• Pain is often described as a feeling of strangling or choking,
tightness, diaphoresis, constricting,indigestion, heaviness or
aching
Angina - ANSWER Manifestations
• Weakness or numbness in the arms, wrist, and hands may
accompany pain
• Patient may clench fist over the sternum when describing pain
• Asymptomatic in some patients. The elderly and women may
only experience syncope
• Pain <15 mins
• In cold weather, elderly may develop symptoms faster due to
less subQ fat
• May have apprehension and sense of impending doom
• Women: indigestion, choking feeling (therefore often
misdiagnosed)
Angina - ANSWER Medical Management
• Vasodilators
• Beta Blockers
• CCB - when BB aren't effective
, Page |3
• Anti-Lipid Drugs
• Platelet Modifiers
• Aspirin
Procedures/Diagnostic
• EKG
• Treadmill (Stress Test)
• Cardiac Catherization
• Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA)
• Cardiac Stent
• Atherectomy
• Surgery
Angina - ANSWER Nursing Management
• Data Collection - onset, location, duration, accompanying
symptoms, radiates, relief
• Assessment, Identify health problems, Outcomes,
Implementation
• Promote comfort
• Promote tissue perfusion
• Promote activity
, Page |4
• Administer Nitroglycerin Therapy
Angina Pectoris - ANSWER • Usually associated with exertion
and relieved by rest or vasodilating medications
• Can be stable or unstable
• Activities That Can Bring On an Anginal Attack
- Exposure to cold
- Strenuous workout
- Stress
- Emotional Provoking
- Heavy Meal
- Sex
- Running up a flight of stairs too fast
Angina Pectoris - ANSWER Recurrent chest pain or discomfort
(pressure) that is brought about by activities that increase
myocardial oxygen demands
• Is usually relieved by rest or medication
• Most often caused by significant coronary atherosclerosis
