Final Exam
Questions and
Answers Updated
2026
ConsciousnessBincludesBwhatBthreeBthings?B-BAnswerBLevelBofBmentalBalertness
Awareness
Attention
WhatBareBtheBfourBwaveBforms?B-BAnswerBAlphaBBeta,BDelta,BTheta
WhichBwaveBformBisBinvolvedBinBdeepBsleep?B-
BAnswerBDeltaBwaveBatBaBfrequencyBofB1⁄2BtoB4BcyclesBperBsecondBrepresentBtheBdee
pestBstageBofBsleep.
FactsBaboutBREMBSleepB-
BAnswerBDreamsBoccurBduringBREM.BPeopleBareBobliviousBthatBtheyBareBdreamingB&Bu
suallyBforgetBtheBdream.BSomeBpeopleBareBLucidBdreamersBandBcanBinfluenceBtheme,B
outcome,Bthoughts,BandBemotions.
CircadianBRhythm,BWhereBisBitBlocated?B24-
25BhourBcycle,BdiffersBinBabsenceBofBnaturalBlight,BwithBalarmBclocks.B-
BAnswerBSuprachiasmicBNucleusBofBtheBHypothalamus.
, WhatBisBtheBroleBofBtheBReticularBActivatingBsystem?B-
BAnswerBPrimaryBmechanismBforBturningBREMBsleepBonB&Boff.BAlso
MaintainsBcorticalBarousal.
ArisesBfromBdeepBwithinBtheBbrainBstem.
StimulatesBbrainBviaBprojectionsBintoBmanyBdifferentBneurologyBsystemsBinBtheBcortex.
StimulationBthatBfinallyBreachesBtheBoccipitalBcortexBgivesBriseBtoBdreamBimagesB&Bthe
BcorrespondingBrapidBREMBcharacteristicsBofBthisBstage.
**ManyBREMBsleepBoccurrencesBhaveBbrainBstemBmechanisms.**
TellBmeBaboutBSleepBParalysisBandBMotorBNeurons..B-
BAnswerB"sleepBparalysis"BoccursBbecauseBitBisBsimplyBtoBdangerousBtoBactBoutBdream
s.
B**TheBmotorBNeuronsBresponsibleBforBactuallyBcarryingBoutBtheBactionBareB"turnedBo
ff"BatBtheBlevelBofBtheBspinalBcord.**
AtBtheBendBofBwhichBwaveBcycleBisBsleepBphysicallyBrestorative?B-
BAnswerB**ScientistBknowBthatBdeltaBwaveBsleepBisBphysicallyBrestorative.**
AtBtheBendBofBREMBcycle,BtheBcellsB"turnBon"BactivatingBatBaBhigherBlevelBofB_______
____B&B___________?B-BAnswerBSerotoninB&BNorepinephrine.
TwoBbehaviorBfunctionsBthatBREMBsleepBmayBserve?B-
BAnswerBMemoryBConsolidationB(peopleBcanBrememberBmoreBafterBsleep)BandBIntrapsy
chicBfunctionBofBdreaming.
WhatBisBSleepBApnea?B-
BAnswerBABseriousBdisorderBresultingBfromBfrequentBepisodesBofBapneaB(cessationBofBa
irflow)BduringBsleep.
ApneaBmeansB"LackBofBbreath"