PUP 3002 Final Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
Crime - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Any violation of the law.
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How is crime seen as a science? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Certain
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variables affect an individual's probability of crime.
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How much does crime cost us? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Financial
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Cost: 200 billion a year (1990s)
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Emotional Cost: Unmeasurable, but assumed high
|| || || || ||
What are the 5 types of crimes? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Violent
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White Collar/Corporate
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Organized
Property
Drug
Which variables affect an individual's probability of crime, what are
|| || || || || || || || || ||
their values? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Dependent Variable= Crime
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1=Criminal; 0=Non-criminal || ||
,Independent Variables (for an individual) || || || || ||
Wealth (-) (aka any value that is a negative)
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Education (-) || ||
Family (-) || ||
Independent Variables (for a community) || || || || ||
Law enforcement (?)
|| || ||
Community with crime (+) || || ||
What are the two major data sources that measure crime? -
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CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-FBI's Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
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National Crime Victimization Surveys (NCVS)
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What does the UCR do, what are its measurement errors? -
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Established in 1930. Data is voluntarily
|| || || || || || ||
submitted to it by about 17,000 local law enforcement agencies
|| || || || || || || || || ||
-Measurement error: some agencies may interpret the FBI's
|| || || || || || || ||
guidelines differently or not report certain crimes for political
|| || || || || || || || ||
reasons ||
-Measurement error: many victims do not report crime || || || || || || ||
What does the NCVS do? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Managed by the
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Bureau of Justice Statistics. Established in 1972
|| || || || || || ||
,-A large survey of randomly selected American households regarding
|| || || || || || || ||
crime victimization.
|| || ||
-Generally, finds more crime than reported in the UCR
|| || || || || || || ||
What did Becker (1968) argue? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Becker
|| || || || || || || ||
(1968) argued that crime is a function of:
|| || || || || || ||
-the punishment associated with being arrested and convicted
|| || || || || || || ||
-the probability of being arrested and convicted
|| || || || || || ||
-the return or benefit from crime, which is also weighed
|| || || || || || || || ||
How does Prospect Theory differ from typical expected utility
|| || || || || || || || ||
theory? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Incorporates human psychology into
|| || || || || ||
expected utility theory; very similar
|| || || || ||
State the equation for crime as a rational choice. - CORRECT
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
ANSWER✔✔-Expected Utility (Crime) = Probability (Not Caught) * || || || || || || || ||
Utility of Not Caught + Probability(Caught) * Utility Caught
|| || || || || || || ||
Define expected utility theory. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Used by
|| || || || || || || ||
Becker to define the rationality behind criminal behavior; weighing
|| || || || || || || || ||
the costs.||
What was Becker's argument? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Crime is a
|| || || || || || || || ||
function of 3 things: || || ||
, 1. Probability of being caught
|| || || ||
2. Benefit from the crime
|| || || ||
3. Punishment associated with the arrest
|| || || || ||
Define the variables of the utility of not being caught. - CORRECT
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
ANSWER✔✔--People tend to commit crimes because they want || || || || || || || ||
monetary value, prestige, etc.
|| || || ||
-Personal costs are factored in.
|| || || ||
-Variables ||
*Will committing a crime hurt one's self (Tell Tale Heart; Crime and
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
Punishment) ||
*One's valuation of personal harm can be predicted by several
|| || || || || || || || || ||
variables: ||
mental illness; empathy; morals
|| || || ||
-Social Groupings: Is this simply part of my group identity? Does
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
helping the group make this okay?
|| || || || ||
Define the variables of the utility of being caught. (costs for getting
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
caught) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Individuals who commit a crime
|| || || || || || || ||
experience three types of costs: || || || ||
1. Punishment by the state—fines, imprisonment
|| || || || || ||
2. Social costs—mom yells at you, partner leaves you
|| || || || || || || || ||
Correct Answers
Crime - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Any violation of the law.
|| || || || || || ||
How is crime seen as a science? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Certain
|| || || || || || || || || ||
variables affect an individual's probability of crime.
|| || || || || ||
How much does crime cost us? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Financial
|| || || || || || || || ||
Cost: 200 billion a year (1990s)
|| || || || || ||
Emotional Cost: Unmeasurable, but assumed high
|| || || || ||
What are the 5 types of crimes? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Violent
|| || || || || || || || ||
White Collar/Corporate
||
Organized
Property
Drug
Which variables affect an individual's probability of crime, what are
|| || || || || || || || || ||
their values? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Dependent Variable= Crime
|| || || || || || ||
1=Criminal; 0=Non-criminal || ||
,Independent Variables (for an individual) || || || || ||
Wealth (-) (aka any value that is a negative)
|| || || || || || || ||
Education (-) || ||
Family (-) || ||
Independent Variables (for a community) || || || || ||
Law enforcement (?)
|| || ||
Community with crime (+) || || ||
What are the two major data sources that measure crime? -
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-FBI's Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
|| || || || || ||
National Crime Victimization Surveys (NCVS)
|| || || ||
What does the UCR do, what are its measurement errors? -
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Established in 1930. Data is voluntarily
|| || || || || || ||
submitted to it by about 17,000 local law enforcement agencies
|| || || || || || || || || ||
-Measurement error: some agencies may interpret the FBI's
|| || || || || || || ||
guidelines differently or not report certain crimes for political
|| || || || || || || || ||
reasons ||
-Measurement error: many victims do not report crime || || || || || || ||
What does the NCVS do? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Managed by the
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Bureau of Justice Statistics. Established in 1972
|| || || || || || ||
,-A large survey of randomly selected American households regarding
|| || || || || || || ||
crime victimization.
|| || ||
-Generally, finds more crime than reported in the UCR
|| || || || || || || ||
What did Becker (1968) argue? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Becker
|| || || || || || || ||
(1968) argued that crime is a function of:
|| || || || || || ||
-the punishment associated with being arrested and convicted
|| || || || || || || ||
-the probability of being arrested and convicted
|| || || || || || ||
-the return or benefit from crime, which is also weighed
|| || || || || || || || ||
How does Prospect Theory differ from typical expected utility
|| || || || || || || || ||
theory? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Incorporates human psychology into
|| || || || || ||
expected utility theory; very similar
|| || || || ||
State the equation for crime as a rational choice. - CORRECT
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
ANSWER✔✔-Expected Utility (Crime) = Probability (Not Caught) * || || || || || || || ||
Utility of Not Caught + Probability(Caught) * Utility Caught
|| || || || || || || ||
Define expected utility theory. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Used by
|| || || || || || || ||
Becker to define the rationality behind criminal behavior; weighing
|| || || || || || || || ||
the costs.||
What was Becker's argument? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Crime is a
|| || || || || || || || ||
function of 3 things: || || ||
, 1. Probability of being caught
|| || || ||
2. Benefit from the crime
|| || || ||
3. Punishment associated with the arrest
|| || || || ||
Define the variables of the utility of not being caught. - CORRECT
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
ANSWER✔✔--People tend to commit crimes because they want || || || || || || || ||
monetary value, prestige, etc.
|| || || ||
-Personal costs are factored in.
|| || || ||
-Variables ||
*Will committing a crime hurt one's self (Tell Tale Heart; Crime and
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
Punishment) ||
*One's valuation of personal harm can be predicted by several
|| || || || || || || || || ||
variables: ||
mental illness; empathy; morals
|| || || ||
-Social Groupings: Is this simply part of my group identity? Does
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
helping the group make this okay?
|| || || || ||
Define the variables of the utility of being caught. (costs for getting
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
caught) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Individuals who commit a crime
|| || || || || || || ||
experience three types of costs: || || || ||
1. Punishment by the state—fines, imprisonment
|| || || || || ||
2. Social costs—mom yells at you, partner leaves you
|| || || || || || || || ||
