TRU Biol 2131 Exam WITH
ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |
LATEST (2026/2027) UPDATED
VERSION | 100% GUARANTEED PASS
{JUST RELEASED}
1. What are the 3 tenets of the cell theory? - ANSWER ✓ 1) All organisms are
composed of one or more cells
2) The cell is the structural unit of life
3) Cells can arise only by division from a pre-existing cell
2. Fundamental properties that are shared by all cells (9)? - ANSWER ✓ - Cells
are highly complex and organized
- Possess a genetic program
- Can reproduce
- Acquire and use energy
- Carry out chemical reactions
, - Engage in mechanical activities
- Respond to stimuli
- Capable of self-regulation
3. How is energy passed from one organism to the next? - ANSWER ✓ Light
energy is converted by photosynthesis into chemical energy that is stored in
energy-rich carbohydrates. These carbs are source of energy for animal cells.
4. Common features between PROK and EUK (9) - ANSWER ✓ PM, genetic info
(DNA), similar mechanisms for transcription/translation, shared metabolic
pathways (glycolysis, TCA), ATP, photosynthesis mechanisms, protein
synthesis, proteasomes, cytoskeletal filaments built of proteins similar to actin
and tubulin
5. EUK only features - ANSWER ✓ nucleus, complex chromosomes (DNA +
histones), cytoplasmic organelles, complex cytoskeletal system/flagella/cilia,
phagocytosis, diploidy, sexual reproduction, mitotic spindles
6. two domains of PROK cells - ANSWER ✓ archae and bacteria
(archae are more closely related to EUK)
7. EUK specialized cells are formed by - ANSWER ✓ differentiation
,8. As cell size increases, surface area/volume ratio ___ - ANSWER ✓ decreases
9. Surface area/volume ratio importance in cell size. - ANSWER ✓ Larger the cell
(cytoplasmic volume) = longer it takes to move things in/out, generate
messages required by cell
- Too big = SA not sufficient to support cell activities
10. viruses - obligatory intracellular parasites - ANSWER ✓ means they cannot
produce unless present within a host cell
11. are viruses considered living organisms? - ANSWER ✓ no; inability to
reproduce/metabolize without host cells
12. Evolutionary importance of common properties between PROK and EUK? -
ANSWER ✓ The similarities reflect the fact that EUK cells have evolved almost
certainly from PROK ancestors. Due to their common ancestry, the two types
of cells share an identical genetic code that uses DNA and RNA, a common set
of metabolic pathways, and many common structural features.
13. Lytic infections - ANSWER ✓ - Use host cell machinery to make new virions
- Will lyse host to release progeny to infect other cells
, 14. lysogenic infections - ANSWER ✓ - Virus integrates DNA into host cell
(provirus)
- No lysing of host
- Effects depend on type of virus
15. viroid - ANSWER ✓ infectious agent consisting of a small circular RNA
molecule that lacks a protein coat. Thought to cause disease by interfering
with the cell's normal path of gene expression
16. Can viruses be treated with antibiotics? - ANSWER ✓ No
17. Most sugars have the general formula - ANSWER ✓ Ch2O
18. carbs can be joined together by covalent ___bonds - ANSWER ✓ glycosidic
19. oligosaccharides - role? - ANSWER ✓ small chains often found covalently
attached to lipids and proteins, converting them into glycolipids and
glycoproteins.
- 15 glucose or fewer per chain
- Role in mediating the interactions of a cell with its environment and
sorting of membrane proteins to different cellular compartments
ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |
LATEST (2026/2027) UPDATED
VERSION | 100% GUARANTEED PASS
{JUST RELEASED}
1. What are the 3 tenets of the cell theory? - ANSWER ✓ 1) All organisms are
composed of one or more cells
2) The cell is the structural unit of life
3) Cells can arise only by division from a pre-existing cell
2. Fundamental properties that are shared by all cells (9)? - ANSWER ✓ - Cells
are highly complex and organized
- Possess a genetic program
- Can reproduce
- Acquire and use energy
- Carry out chemical reactions
, - Engage in mechanical activities
- Respond to stimuli
- Capable of self-regulation
3. How is energy passed from one organism to the next? - ANSWER ✓ Light
energy is converted by photosynthesis into chemical energy that is stored in
energy-rich carbohydrates. These carbs are source of energy for animal cells.
4. Common features between PROK and EUK (9) - ANSWER ✓ PM, genetic info
(DNA), similar mechanisms for transcription/translation, shared metabolic
pathways (glycolysis, TCA), ATP, photosynthesis mechanisms, protein
synthesis, proteasomes, cytoskeletal filaments built of proteins similar to actin
and tubulin
5. EUK only features - ANSWER ✓ nucleus, complex chromosomes (DNA +
histones), cytoplasmic organelles, complex cytoskeletal system/flagella/cilia,
phagocytosis, diploidy, sexual reproduction, mitotic spindles
6. two domains of PROK cells - ANSWER ✓ archae and bacteria
(archae are more closely related to EUK)
7. EUK specialized cells are formed by - ANSWER ✓ differentiation
,8. As cell size increases, surface area/volume ratio ___ - ANSWER ✓ decreases
9. Surface area/volume ratio importance in cell size. - ANSWER ✓ Larger the cell
(cytoplasmic volume) = longer it takes to move things in/out, generate
messages required by cell
- Too big = SA not sufficient to support cell activities
10. viruses - obligatory intracellular parasites - ANSWER ✓ means they cannot
produce unless present within a host cell
11. are viruses considered living organisms? - ANSWER ✓ no; inability to
reproduce/metabolize without host cells
12. Evolutionary importance of common properties between PROK and EUK? -
ANSWER ✓ The similarities reflect the fact that EUK cells have evolved almost
certainly from PROK ancestors. Due to their common ancestry, the two types
of cells share an identical genetic code that uses DNA and RNA, a common set
of metabolic pathways, and many common structural features.
13. Lytic infections - ANSWER ✓ - Use host cell machinery to make new virions
- Will lyse host to release progeny to infect other cells
, 14. lysogenic infections - ANSWER ✓ - Virus integrates DNA into host cell
(provirus)
- No lysing of host
- Effects depend on type of virus
15. viroid - ANSWER ✓ infectious agent consisting of a small circular RNA
molecule that lacks a protein coat. Thought to cause disease by interfering
with the cell's normal path of gene expression
16. Can viruses be treated with antibiotics? - ANSWER ✓ No
17. Most sugars have the general formula - ANSWER ✓ Ch2O
18. carbs can be joined together by covalent ___bonds - ANSWER ✓ glycosidic
19. oligosaccharides - role? - ANSWER ✓ small chains often found covalently
attached to lipids and proteins, converting them into glycolipids and
glycoproteins.
- 15 glucose or fewer per chain
- Role in mediating the interactions of a cell with its environment and
sorting of membrane proteins to different cellular compartments
