NR 293 Pharm-Exam 1 Study
2026 Exam Questions and
Answers | Already Graded A+
What are the more common categories of antibiotic types?
(Mnemonic: Some People Can Make Quick Angry Tatertots) -
ANSWER ✔✔Sulfonamides, penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides,
quinolones, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines.
(Text, pg 604)
What are the 4 most common mechanisms of antibiotic action? -
ANSWER ✔✔1). Interference with bacterial wall synthesis
,2). Interference with protein synthesis
3). Interference with replication of nucleic acids
4). Antimetabolite action that disrupts critical metabolic reactions inside
the cell
(Text, pg 604)
What should be taken prior to the administration of an antibiotic if
possible? - ANSWER ✔✔A culture (blood, sputum, wound, etc.)
-A broad spectrum antibiotic can then be administered following the
sample collection (empiric therapy) until the culture is grown, and can
identify the strain of bacterial infection. The antibiotic can then be
switched to a different type that is more specific to the treatment of that
particular infection strain (definitive therapy).
(PP Slide 13)
What is meant by the term "Empiric therapy" in regards to antibiotic
therapy? - ANSWER ✔✔Treatment of an infection before specific
culture information has been reported or obtained.
(PP Slide 13)
,What is meant by "Definitive therapy" in regards to antibiotic therapy? -
ANSWER ✔✔Antibiotic therapy tailored to treat organism identified
with cultures
(PP Slide 13)
What is meant by "Prophylactic therapy" in regards to antibiotic
treatment? - ANSWER ✔✔Treatment with antibiotics to prevent an
infection such as those received before and after surgeries and
traumatic injuries.
What is a therapeutic response to antibiotic therapy? What are some
indications of this? - ANSWER ✔✔It means the antibiotic is working
correctly. This is indicated by decreases in specific s/s of the noted
infection (fever decreasing, elevated WBC counts returning to normal
levels, resolution of redness, inflammation decrease, drainage
cessation, pain reduction)
What is a subtherapeutic response? - ANSWER ✔✔S/S of the
infection do not improve with antibiotic therapy
What is a superinfection? - ANSWER ✔✔This can occur as a result
of an antibiotic dropping the levels of the normal flora, or killing them
completely. When these are killed off, other non-normative body flora
begin to grow and cause an infection. (Ex: a vaginal yeast infection)
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
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, What is Pseudomembranous colitis? - ANSWER ✔✔This is a type of
superinfection that tends to have a higher level of severity. It is better
known as Clostridium Difficile, or commonly C. Diff.
-This is brought on by the elimination of normal gut flora which is then
replaced by the C.Diff bacteria.
- The most common s/s is watery foul smelling diarrhea occurring
frequently, fever, abdominal pain and cramping.
What is a secondary infection? - ANSWER ✔✔A type of
superinfection as well. It occurs when a second infection closely follows
the initial infection, and comes from an external source.
What is meant by "host-factors" in regards to antibiotic therapy? -
ANSWER ✔✔Important factors that pertain to the patient specifically.
Examples can include age, history, allergies, pregnancy, kidney and liver
function, site of infection, host defense mechanisms
(immunocompromisation)
Drugs that cause developmental abnormalities in the fetus of a pregnant
woman taking them are known as what? - ANSWER ✔✔Teratogens
2026 Exam Questions and
Answers | Already Graded A+
What are the more common categories of antibiotic types?
(Mnemonic: Some People Can Make Quick Angry Tatertots) -
ANSWER ✔✔Sulfonamides, penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides,
quinolones, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines.
(Text, pg 604)
What are the 4 most common mechanisms of antibiotic action? -
ANSWER ✔✔1). Interference with bacterial wall synthesis
,2). Interference with protein synthesis
3). Interference with replication of nucleic acids
4). Antimetabolite action that disrupts critical metabolic reactions inside
the cell
(Text, pg 604)
What should be taken prior to the administration of an antibiotic if
possible? - ANSWER ✔✔A culture (blood, sputum, wound, etc.)
-A broad spectrum antibiotic can then be administered following the
sample collection (empiric therapy) until the culture is grown, and can
identify the strain of bacterial infection. The antibiotic can then be
switched to a different type that is more specific to the treatment of that
particular infection strain (definitive therapy).
(PP Slide 13)
What is meant by the term "Empiric therapy" in regards to antibiotic
therapy? - ANSWER ✔✔Treatment of an infection before specific
culture information has been reported or obtained.
(PP Slide 13)
,What is meant by "Definitive therapy" in regards to antibiotic therapy? -
ANSWER ✔✔Antibiotic therapy tailored to treat organism identified
with cultures
(PP Slide 13)
What is meant by "Prophylactic therapy" in regards to antibiotic
treatment? - ANSWER ✔✔Treatment with antibiotics to prevent an
infection such as those received before and after surgeries and
traumatic injuries.
What is a therapeutic response to antibiotic therapy? What are some
indications of this? - ANSWER ✔✔It means the antibiotic is working
correctly. This is indicated by decreases in specific s/s of the noted
infection (fever decreasing, elevated WBC counts returning to normal
levels, resolution of redness, inflammation decrease, drainage
cessation, pain reduction)
What is a subtherapeutic response? - ANSWER ✔✔S/S of the
infection do not improve with antibiotic therapy
What is a superinfection? - ANSWER ✔✔This can occur as a result
of an antibiotic dropping the levels of the normal flora, or killing them
completely. When these are killed off, other non-normative body flora
begin to grow and cause an infection. (Ex: a vaginal yeast infection)
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, What is Pseudomembranous colitis? - ANSWER ✔✔This is a type of
superinfection that tends to have a higher level of severity. It is better
known as Clostridium Difficile, or commonly C. Diff.
-This is brought on by the elimination of normal gut flora which is then
replaced by the C.Diff bacteria.
- The most common s/s is watery foul smelling diarrhea occurring
frequently, fever, abdominal pain and cramping.
What is a secondary infection? - ANSWER ✔✔A type of
superinfection as well. It occurs when a second infection closely follows
the initial infection, and comes from an external source.
What is meant by "host-factors" in regards to antibiotic therapy? -
ANSWER ✔✔Important factors that pertain to the patient specifically.
Examples can include age, history, allergies, pregnancy, kidney and liver
function, site of infection, host defense mechanisms
(immunocompromisation)
Drugs that cause developmental abnormalities in the fetus of a pregnant
woman taking them are known as what? - ANSWER ✔✔Teratogens
