MCB 100 FULL Exam 1 (UIUC) UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Question: key distinction of microorganisms from other organisms
Correct Answer: microorganisms do not form differentiated tissues
Question: 1 mm = ? microns
Correct Answer: 1000
Question: 1 m = ? mm
Correct Answer: 1000
Question: 1 micron = ? nm
Correct Answer: 1000
Question: "little things" small to large
Correct Answer: atoms ==> small molecules (amino acids, nucleotides, sugars) ==> biological
macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, lipids) ==> subcellular structures (viruses,
ribosomes, microtubules) ==> Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, and Nanobacteria ==> most bacteria
and archaea ==> yeasts and flagellated protozoa ==> typical plant and animal cells, amoebae ==> ciliated
protozoa ==> zooplankton (small multicellular animals)
Question: subcellular aggregates of molecules
Correct Answer: viruses, viroids, prions
Question: traits of all living cells
Correct Answer: 1. Able to grow and reproduce (can convert nonliving nutrients into living cytoplasm) 2.
Genetic material is DNA 3. Metabolism 4. Able to make or acquire ATP 5. Able to synthesize proteins 6.
Bound by an active cell membrane
Question: function of ribosomes
Correct Answer: read mRNA and synthesize proteins
Question: traits of viruses
Correct Answer: 1. Not cellular organisms 2. Consist of some genetic material, either DNA or RNA,
surrounded by a coat of protein (capsid) 3. Some animal viruses have a membrane-like envelope of lipids
and proteins, but many viruses lack this feature 4. Lack ribosomes and tRNAs -- cannot synthesize proteins
on their own 5. Contain few or no enzymes -- lack metabolic pathways 6. Lack ATP -- no means of
generating ATP 7. Obligate intracellular parasites -- must be inside host cell to have life-like functions
Question: sizes of viruses and bacteria small - large
Correct Answer: hemoglobin ==> Poliomyelitis ==> Adenovirus ==> HIV ==> Poxvirus ==> Rickettsia
==> Streptococcus ==> E. coli
Question: have cell wall
Correct Answer: 1. Most bacteria 2. Archaea 3. Plants 4. Fungi 5. Algae
Question: lack cell wall
,Correct Answer: 1. Mycoplasma 2. Animals 3. Protozoa
Question: cell membrane
Correct Answer: Lipid bilayer with embedded proteins that acts as the diffusion barrier around the cell.
Semipermeable.
Question: cell wall
Correct Answer: Net-like bag of polysaccharides that surrounds the cell and causes it to maintain a
specific shape. Protects the cell from osmotic lysis but is not a barrier to the diffusion of small molecules.
Question: prokaryotes
Correct Answer: no nuclear membrane bacteria archaea
Question: eukaryotes
Correct Answer: have nuclear membrane protozoa fungi algae
Question: eukaryote ribosome size
Correct Answer: 80S
Question: prokaryote ribosome size
Correct Answer: 70S
Question: structures not found in prokaryotes
Correct Answer: nuclear membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, chloroplasts, membrane-bound
organelles, cytoskeleton, phagolysosomes, snRNPs
Question: chromosome number and shape - eukaryotes
Correct Answer: plural linear
Question: chromosome number and shape - prokaryotes
Correct Answer: single circular
Question: size - eukaryotes
Correct Answer: mostly 4-20mm
Question: size - prokaryotes
Correct Answer: mostly 0.5-3mm
Question: fungi
Correct Answer: Eukaryotic Cell wall - chitin Not photosynthetic Nutrient molecules absorbed by osmosis
Both sexual and asexual reproduction Most have mitochondria Most prefer aerobic conditions
Question: protozoa
Correct Answer: Eukaryotic No cell wall Not photosynthetic Some absorb nutrient molecules by osmosis,
others engulf food particles by phagocytosis Both sexual and asexual reproduction Most have mitochondria
Most prefer aerobic conditions
Question: algae
,Correct Answer: Eukaryotic Most have cell walls - cellulose Photosynthetic Both sexual and asexual
reproduction Most have mitochondria Most prefer aerobic conditions Produce oxygen and fix carbon
dioxide
Question: bactera
Correct Answer: Prokaryotic Most have cell walls - peptidoglycan Some are photosynthetic, most are not
Some can fix nitrogen Wide variety of metabolic lifestyles Lack true sexual reproduction Many excrete
enzymes to digest complex molecules Some cause human disease
Question: archaea
Correct Answer: Prokaryotic Cell walls - protein or pseudopeptidoglycan Wide variety of metabolic
lifestyles Some produce methane Some are extremophiles (hyperthermophiles) Lack true sexual
reproduction Do not excrete enzymes to digest complex molecules Do not cause human disease RNA
polymerase is similar to eukaryotic enzymes
Question: viruses
Correct Answer: Not cellular Smaller than the smallest known cells Lack an active cell membrane Lack
ribosomes, etc. for protein synthesis Lack ATP generating metabolism Must be inside a host cell to
reproduce Genetic material can be DNA or RNA, ss or ds
Question: viroids
Correct Answer: Infections particles seen in plants, similar to RNA viruses except they lack a capsid
Question: prions
Correct Answer: Infections particles Lack nucleic acid Altered forms of normal proteins that appear to be
able to convert normal proteins to an abnormal shape upon contact Abnormal form of protein is associated
with disease
Question: microbes are found...
Correct Answer: wherever there is liquid water, an energy source, and carbon
Question: microbes are the basis of...
Correct Answer: food chains
Question: microbes are essential for...
Correct Answer: elemental recycling in the environment
Question: 4 questions drove the development of microbiology
Correct Answer: 1. Can living organisms arise by spontaneous generation? 2. What causes fermentation?
3. What causes disease? 4. How can we prevent and treat infectious diseases?
Question: scientific method
Correct Answer: 1. Observations lead to the formation of a question 2. Create a hypothesis - a potential
answer to the question 3. Design and conduct experiments to test the hypothesis 4. Based on the results of
the experiments, the hypothesis is rejected, modified, or accepted
Question: Aristotle
Correct Answer: 350 BC living creatures can arise by sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction, and
spontaneous generation from non-living matter
, Question: Girolamo Fracostoro
Correct Answer: 1546 Germ theory of disease
Question: Robert Hooke
Correct Answer: 1665 Describes tissue structure of cork, uses term "cell"
Question: Francesco Redi
Correct Answer: 1668 Complex animals don't arise due to spontaneous generation - maggots don't appear
spontaneously in meat
Question: Antony Van Leeuwenhoek
Correct Answer: 1676 Observes bacteria and protozoans using a simple microscope of his own
construction Revived spontaneous regeneration debate
Question: Lazzaro Spallanzani
Correct Answer: 1776 Repeated Needham's experiments, but avoided contamination of his broths by
airborne bacteria. Sealed flasks also kept out oxygen.
Question: Edward Jenner
Correct Answer: 1789 Smallpox vaccine
Question: Thoedor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden
Correct Answer: 1839 All living things are composed of cells
Question: Ignaz Semmelweis
Correct Answer: 1847 Institutes handwashing - procedure saved lives, but wasn't popular with medical
students
Question: Florence Nightingale
Correct Answer: 1855 Antiseptic nursing practices
Question: Rudolf Virchow
Correct Answer: 1858 All cells originate from preexisting cells
Question: Lois Pasteur
Correct Answer: 1861 - goose-necked flasks - bacteria do not appear in sterilized media Yeast turn grape
juice into wine, but bacteria cause wine spoilage Pasteurization Starter cultures Anthrax vaccine for sheep
Rabies vaccine
Question: Joseph Lister
Correct Answer: 1867 Antiseptic surgery
Question: Robert Koch
Correct Answer: 1876 - Shows anthrax caused by a specific microorganism Father of microbiology
laboratory procedures Discovered cause of tuberculosis, cholera Invented streak plate technique to get a
pure culture Koch's postulates Introduced use of agar and Petri dishes Took first photomicrograph
Question: Koch's postulates
CORRECT Answers
Question: key distinction of microorganisms from other organisms
Correct Answer: microorganisms do not form differentiated tissues
Question: 1 mm = ? microns
Correct Answer: 1000
Question: 1 m = ? mm
Correct Answer: 1000
Question: 1 micron = ? nm
Correct Answer: 1000
Question: "little things" small to large
Correct Answer: atoms ==> small molecules (amino acids, nucleotides, sugars) ==> biological
macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, lipids) ==> subcellular structures (viruses,
ribosomes, microtubules) ==> Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, and Nanobacteria ==> most bacteria
and archaea ==> yeasts and flagellated protozoa ==> typical plant and animal cells, amoebae ==> ciliated
protozoa ==> zooplankton (small multicellular animals)
Question: subcellular aggregates of molecules
Correct Answer: viruses, viroids, prions
Question: traits of all living cells
Correct Answer: 1. Able to grow and reproduce (can convert nonliving nutrients into living cytoplasm) 2.
Genetic material is DNA 3. Metabolism 4. Able to make or acquire ATP 5. Able to synthesize proteins 6.
Bound by an active cell membrane
Question: function of ribosomes
Correct Answer: read mRNA and synthesize proteins
Question: traits of viruses
Correct Answer: 1. Not cellular organisms 2. Consist of some genetic material, either DNA or RNA,
surrounded by a coat of protein (capsid) 3. Some animal viruses have a membrane-like envelope of lipids
and proteins, but many viruses lack this feature 4. Lack ribosomes and tRNAs -- cannot synthesize proteins
on their own 5. Contain few or no enzymes -- lack metabolic pathways 6. Lack ATP -- no means of
generating ATP 7. Obligate intracellular parasites -- must be inside host cell to have life-like functions
Question: sizes of viruses and bacteria small - large
Correct Answer: hemoglobin ==> Poliomyelitis ==> Adenovirus ==> HIV ==> Poxvirus ==> Rickettsia
==> Streptococcus ==> E. coli
Question: have cell wall
Correct Answer: 1. Most bacteria 2. Archaea 3. Plants 4. Fungi 5. Algae
Question: lack cell wall
,Correct Answer: 1. Mycoplasma 2. Animals 3. Protozoa
Question: cell membrane
Correct Answer: Lipid bilayer with embedded proteins that acts as the diffusion barrier around the cell.
Semipermeable.
Question: cell wall
Correct Answer: Net-like bag of polysaccharides that surrounds the cell and causes it to maintain a
specific shape. Protects the cell from osmotic lysis but is not a barrier to the diffusion of small molecules.
Question: prokaryotes
Correct Answer: no nuclear membrane bacteria archaea
Question: eukaryotes
Correct Answer: have nuclear membrane protozoa fungi algae
Question: eukaryote ribosome size
Correct Answer: 80S
Question: prokaryote ribosome size
Correct Answer: 70S
Question: structures not found in prokaryotes
Correct Answer: nuclear membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, chloroplasts, membrane-bound
organelles, cytoskeleton, phagolysosomes, snRNPs
Question: chromosome number and shape - eukaryotes
Correct Answer: plural linear
Question: chromosome number and shape - prokaryotes
Correct Answer: single circular
Question: size - eukaryotes
Correct Answer: mostly 4-20mm
Question: size - prokaryotes
Correct Answer: mostly 0.5-3mm
Question: fungi
Correct Answer: Eukaryotic Cell wall - chitin Not photosynthetic Nutrient molecules absorbed by osmosis
Both sexual and asexual reproduction Most have mitochondria Most prefer aerobic conditions
Question: protozoa
Correct Answer: Eukaryotic No cell wall Not photosynthetic Some absorb nutrient molecules by osmosis,
others engulf food particles by phagocytosis Both sexual and asexual reproduction Most have mitochondria
Most prefer aerobic conditions
Question: algae
,Correct Answer: Eukaryotic Most have cell walls - cellulose Photosynthetic Both sexual and asexual
reproduction Most have mitochondria Most prefer aerobic conditions Produce oxygen and fix carbon
dioxide
Question: bactera
Correct Answer: Prokaryotic Most have cell walls - peptidoglycan Some are photosynthetic, most are not
Some can fix nitrogen Wide variety of metabolic lifestyles Lack true sexual reproduction Many excrete
enzymes to digest complex molecules Some cause human disease
Question: archaea
Correct Answer: Prokaryotic Cell walls - protein or pseudopeptidoglycan Wide variety of metabolic
lifestyles Some produce methane Some are extremophiles (hyperthermophiles) Lack true sexual
reproduction Do not excrete enzymes to digest complex molecules Do not cause human disease RNA
polymerase is similar to eukaryotic enzymes
Question: viruses
Correct Answer: Not cellular Smaller than the smallest known cells Lack an active cell membrane Lack
ribosomes, etc. for protein synthesis Lack ATP generating metabolism Must be inside a host cell to
reproduce Genetic material can be DNA or RNA, ss or ds
Question: viroids
Correct Answer: Infections particles seen in plants, similar to RNA viruses except they lack a capsid
Question: prions
Correct Answer: Infections particles Lack nucleic acid Altered forms of normal proteins that appear to be
able to convert normal proteins to an abnormal shape upon contact Abnormal form of protein is associated
with disease
Question: microbes are found...
Correct Answer: wherever there is liquid water, an energy source, and carbon
Question: microbes are the basis of...
Correct Answer: food chains
Question: microbes are essential for...
Correct Answer: elemental recycling in the environment
Question: 4 questions drove the development of microbiology
Correct Answer: 1. Can living organisms arise by spontaneous generation? 2. What causes fermentation?
3. What causes disease? 4. How can we prevent and treat infectious diseases?
Question: scientific method
Correct Answer: 1. Observations lead to the formation of a question 2. Create a hypothesis - a potential
answer to the question 3. Design and conduct experiments to test the hypothesis 4. Based on the results of
the experiments, the hypothesis is rejected, modified, or accepted
Question: Aristotle
Correct Answer: 350 BC living creatures can arise by sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction, and
spontaneous generation from non-living matter
, Question: Girolamo Fracostoro
Correct Answer: 1546 Germ theory of disease
Question: Robert Hooke
Correct Answer: 1665 Describes tissue structure of cork, uses term "cell"
Question: Francesco Redi
Correct Answer: 1668 Complex animals don't arise due to spontaneous generation - maggots don't appear
spontaneously in meat
Question: Antony Van Leeuwenhoek
Correct Answer: 1676 Observes bacteria and protozoans using a simple microscope of his own
construction Revived spontaneous regeneration debate
Question: Lazzaro Spallanzani
Correct Answer: 1776 Repeated Needham's experiments, but avoided contamination of his broths by
airborne bacteria. Sealed flasks also kept out oxygen.
Question: Edward Jenner
Correct Answer: 1789 Smallpox vaccine
Question: Thoedor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden
Correct Answer: 1839 All living things are composed of cells
Question: Ignaz Semmelweis
Correct Answer: 1847 Institutes handwashing - procedure saved lives, but wasn't popular with medical
students
Question: Florence Nightingale
Correct Answer: 1855 Antiseptic nursing practices
Question: Rudolf Virchow
Correct Answer: 1858 All cells originate from preexisting cells
Question: Lois Pasteur
Correct Answer: 1861 - goose-necked flasks - bacteria do not appear in sterilized media Yeast turn grape
juice into wine, but bacteria cause wine spoilage Pasteurization Starter cultures Anthrax vaccine for sheep
Rabies vaccine
Question: Joseph Lister
Correct Answer: 1867 Antiseptic surgery
Question: Robert Koch
Correct Answer: 1876 - Shows anthrax caused by a specific microorganism Father of microbiology
laboratory procedures Discovered cause of tuberculosis, cholera Invented streak plate technique to get a
pure culture Koch's postulates Introduced use of agar and Petri dishes Took first photomicrograph
Question: Koch's postulates
