NR507 MIDTERM EXAM 2026
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY REVIEW
CHAMBERLAIN ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES GRADED
A+ LATEST
______________________________________________________________
1. A patient develops hives and shortness of breath immediately after receiving a
bee sting. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is most likely occurring?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Answer: A. Type I
Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity is IgE-mediated and presents as immediate
allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, urticaria, and bronchospasm.
2. A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has immune complex
deposition in the kidneys. Which hypersensitivity reaction does this represent?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
,Answer: C. Type III
Rationale: Type III hypersensitivity involves immune complex-mediated tissue
damage, commonly seen in SLE, serum sickness, and post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis.
3. Which of the following best describes the sequence of infection progression?
A. Multiplication → Colonization → Spread → Invasion
B. Colonization → Invasion → Multiplication → Spread
C. Spread → Invasion → Colonization → Multiplication
D. Invasion → Multiplication → Colonization → Spread
Answer: B. Colonization → Invasion → Multiplication → Spread
Rationale: Infection begins with colonization, followed by invasion of host tissues,
pathogen multiplication, and eventual systemic or local spread.
4. A patient tests positive for HIV. Which immunodeficiency primarily results from
this infection?
A. B-cell deficiency
B. T-cell deficiency
C. Complement deficiency
D. Neutrophil deficiency
Answer: B. T-cell deficiency
,Rationale: HIV infects CD4+ T-helper cells, leading to impaired cell-mediated
immunity and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections.
5. A patient develops a rash 48 hours after exposure to poisonivy. Which type of
hypersensitivity reaction is responsible?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Answer: D. Type IV
Rationale: Type IV hypersensitivity is delayed, T-cell mediated, and includes
contact dermatitis reactions such as poisonivy or TB skin test.
6. Which mechanism is characteristic of autoimmunity?
A. Overproduction of IgE
B. Loss of self-tolerance
C. Excess complement activation in bacterial infections
D. Hyperplasia of T-regulatory cells
Answer: B. Loss of self-tolerance
, Rationale: Autoimmune diseases, such as SLE and RA, result from the immune
system failing to recognize self-triggers as harmless.
7. A patient with anaphylaxis receives epinephrine. What is the primary rationale
for this intervention?
A. Stimulates IgE production
B. Reduces immune complex formation
C. Counteracts vasodilation and bronchoconstriction
D. Inhibits delayed T-cell response
Answer: C. Counteracts vasodilation and bronchoconstriction
Rationale: Epinephrine reverses the systemic effects of Type I hypersensitivity,
including hypotension and airway constriction.
8. Which laboratory finding is most consistent with a patient in the acute phase of
inflammation?
A. Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP)
B. Low ESR
C. Decreased WBC count
D. Reduced fibrinogen
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY REVIEW
CHAMBERLAIN ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES GRADED
A+ LATEST
______________________________________________________________
1. A patient develops hives and shortness of breath immediately after receiving a
bee sting. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is most likely occurring?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Answer: A. Type I
Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity is IgE-mediated and presents as immediate
allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, urticaria, and bronchospasm.
2. A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has immune complex
deposition in the kidneys. Which hypersensitivity reaction does this represent?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
,Answer: C. Type III
Rationale: Type III hypersensitivity involves immune complex-mediated tissue
damage, commonly seen in SLE, serum sickness, and post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis.
3. Which of the following best describes the sequence of infection progression?
A. Multiplication → Colonization → Spread → Invasion
B. Colonization → Invasion → Multiplication → Spread
C. Spread → Invasion → Colonization → Multiplication
D. Invasion → Multiplication → Colonization → Spread
Answer: B. Colonization → Invasion → Multiplication → Spread
Rationale: Infection begins with colonization, followed by invasion of host tissues,
pathogen multiplication, and eventual systemic or local spread.
4. A patient tests positive for HIV. Which immunodeficiency primarily results from
this infection?
A. B-cell deficiency
B. T-cell deficiency
C. Complement deficiency
D. Neutrophil deficiency
Answer: B. T-cell deficiency
,Rationale: HIV infects CD4+ T-helper cells, leading to impaired cell-mediated
immunity and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections.
5. A patient develops a rash 48 hours after exposure to poisonivy. Which type of
hypersensitivity reaction is responsible?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Answer: D. Type IV
Rationale: Type IV hypersensitivity is delayed, T-cell mediated, and includes
contact dermatitis reactions such as poisonivy or TB skin test.
6. Which mechanism is characteristic of autoimmunity?
A. Overproduction of IgE
B. Loss of self-tolerance
C. Excess complement activation in bacterial infections
D. Hyperplasia of T-regulatory cells
Answer: B. Loss of self-tolerance
, Rationale: Autoimmune diseases, such as SLE and RA, result from the immune
system failing to recognize self-triggers as harmless.
7. A patient with anaphylaxis receives epinephrine. What is the primary rationale
for this intervention?
A. Stimulates IgE production
B. Reduces immune complex formation
C. Counteracts vasodilation and bronchoconstriction
D. Inhibits delayed T-cell response
Answer: C. Counteracts vasodilation and bronchoconstriction
Rationale: Epinephrine reverses the systemic effects of Type I hypersensitivity,
including hypotension and airway constriction.
8. Which laboratory finding is most consistent with a patient in the acute phase of
inflammation?
A. Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP)
B. Low ESR
C. Decreased WBC count
D. Reduced fibrinogen
