WCU PATHOPHYSIOLOGY STUSY EXAMS GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Which is a required for red blood cell production? (Select all that apply.)
a. Iron
b. Folate
c. Vitamin B12
d. Vitamin K
e. Vitamin C - ✔✔a. Iron
b. Folate
c. Vitamin B12
✔✔Tetralogy of Fallot is characterized by which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. A ventricular septal defect
b. Right ventricular hypertrophy
c. Transposition of the great arteries
d. Obstructed right ventricular outflow
e. An aorta positioned above the ventricular septal opening - ✔✔a. A ventricular septal
defect
b. Right ventricular hypertrophy
d. Obstructed right ventricular outflow
e. An aorta positioned above the ventricular septal opening
✔✔The term diverticulosis refers to a condition characterized by
a. Polyps or growths on the colon wall
b. Inflammation of small pockets in the colon wall
c. Acquired herniations of the muscular colon wall mucosa and submucosa
d. Congenital herniations of the muscular colon wall mucosa and submucosa - ✔✔c.
Acquired herniations of the muscular colon wall mucosa and submucosa
✔✔Abnormal vascular regulation by endothelial cells in small vessels of the heart
contributes to
a. Hypertension
,b. Dysrhythmias
c. Truncus arteriosus
d. Ischemic heart disease - ✔✔d. Ischemic heart disease
Endothelial cells are important regulators of vascular tone. They secrete variable
amounts of constricting and relaxing factors to control tissue perfusion.
Hypertension is a result of a variety of factors not all related to vascular tone.
Dysrhythmias would affect conduction and the function of the heart chambers but not
vascular tone.
Truncus arteriosus results in only one large artery leaving the heart.
✔✔Anemia of chronic renal failure is caused by the lack of
a. Adrenaline
b. Erythropoietin
c. Thyroid hormone
d. Parathyroid hormone - ✔✔b. Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin is secreted by the kidney in response to hypoxia caused by a low
hemoglobin concentration. Erythropoietin stimulates the bone marrow to produce
mature red blood cells. The tissue of the diseased kidney has difficulty producing this
hormone.
A lack of adrenaline, thyroid hormone, and parathyroid hormone are not factors in
anemia of chronic renal failure.
✔✔A 39-year-old patient who has been taking a specific antibiotic for years without
problems develops tachycardia, lowered blood pressure, wheezing, and urticaria when
given this antibiotic in the clinic. The most likely explanation for this occurrence is that
the patient
a. Is experiencing an anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction to the antibiotic
b. Is experiencing a reaction to something other than the antibiotic
c. Has received the wrong medication
d. Has developed autoimmunity - ✔✔a. Is experiencing an anaphylactic hypersensitivity
reaction to the antibiotic
It is a fallacy that a patient will not develop allergies to a drug if the drug has been taken
in the past without problems. Hypersensitivity reactions are specific to a particular
antigen and usually do not occur on first exposure to the antigen. The symptoms are
those seen in anaphylactic reactions and antibiotic use should be considered.
Receiving the wrong medication would not necessarily result in this symptomology.
Autoimmunity issues relate to the body's reaction to itself as foreign and not to
medications.
✔✔Which statement regarding serum magnesium (Mg ++) is true? (Select all that
apply.)
a. Alcohol-related diseases frequently cause low Mg+ levels.
b. Vomiting is not generally seen as a major cause of Mg+ loss.
, c. Mg++ levels present similarly to calcium (Ca++) levels in the blood.
d. Mg+ deficiencies often result in low serum potassium (K+) levels.
e. Mg+ deficiencies must be treated before potassium (K+) deficiencies. - ✔✔a. Alcohol-
related diseases frequently cause low Mg+ levels.
c. Mg++ levels present similarly to calcium (Ca++) levels in the blood.
d. Mg+ deficiencies often result in low serum potassium (K+) levels.
e. Mg+ deficiencies must be treated before potassium (K+) deficiencies.
✔✔A patient with chronic renal failure who exhibits the inability to excrete fluid is likely
to present with which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. Rales
b. Nausea
c. Bounding pulses
d. Peripheral edema
e. Jugular venous distention - ✔✔a. Rales
c. Bounding pulses
d. Peripheral edema
e. Jugular venous distention
✔✔Which statement is true regarding systemic lupus erythematosus?
a. It is more common in Caucasian men.
b. It is a chronic inflammatory disease.
c. It affects only one organ system.
d. It is a progressive disease. - ✔✔b. It is a chronic inflammatory disease.
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic, inflammatory disease.
It affects African Americans and women more commonly.
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystem disorder.
It is characterized by exacerbations and then remissions.
✔✔Which term refers to a state of tension that can lead to disruption or threaten
physical stability?
a. Stress
b. Adaptive
c. Exhaustion
d. Homeostasis - ✔✔a. Stress
✔✔Abnormal new cellular growth is referred to as
a. Apoptosis
b. Neoplasia
c. Proto-oncogene
d. Suppressor genes - ✔✔b. Neoplasia
Neoplasia means abnormal "new growth."
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Which is a required for red blood cell production? (Select all that apply.)
a. Iron
b. Folate
c. Vitamin B12
d. Vitamin K
e. Vitamin C - ✔✔a. Iron
b. Folate
c. Vitamin B12
✔✔Tetralogy of Fallot is characterized by which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. A ventricular septal defect
b. Right ventricular hypertrophy
c. Transposition of the great arteries
d. Obstructed right ventricular outflow
e. An aorta positioned above the ventricular septal opening - ✔✔a. A ventricular septal
defect
b. Right ventricular hypertrophy
d. Obstructed right ventricular outflow
e. An aorta positioned above the ventricular septal opening
✔✔The term diverticulosis refers to a condition characterized by
a. Polyps or growths on the colon wall
b. Inflammation of small pockets in the colon wall
c. Acquired herniations of the muscular colon wall mucosa and submucosa
d. Congenital herniations of the muscular colon wall mucosa and submucosa - ✔✔c.
Acquired herniations of the muscular colon wall mucosa and submucosa
✔✔Abnormal vascular regulation by endothelial cells in small vessels of the heart
contributes to
a. Hypertension
,b. Dysrhythmias
c. Truncus arteriosus
d. Ischemic heart disease - ✔✔d. Ischemic heart disease
Endothelial cells are important regulators of vascular tone. They secrete variable
amounts of constricting and relaxing factors to control tissue perfusion.
Hypertension is a result of a variety of factors not all related to vascular tone.
Dysrhythmias would affect conduction and the function of the heart chambers but not
vascular tone.
Truncus arteriosus results in only one large artery leaving the heart.
✔✔Anemia of chronic renal failure is caused by the lack of
a. Adrenaline
b. Erythropoietin
c. Thyroid hormone
d. Parathyroid hormone - ✔✔b. Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin is secreted by the kidney in response to hypoxia caused by a low
hemoglobin concentration. Erythropoietin stimulates the bone marrow to produce
mature red blood cells. The tissue of the diseased kidney has difficulty producing this
hormone.
A lack of adrenaline, thyroid hormone, and parathyroid hormone are not factors in
anemia of chronic renal failure.
✔✔A 39-year-old patient who has been taking a specific antibiotic for years without
problems develops tachycardia, lowered blood pressure, wheezing, and urticaria when
given this antibiotic in the clinic. The most likely explanation for this occurrence is that
the patient
a. Is experiencing an anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction to the antibiotic
b. Is experiencing a reaction to something other than the antibiotic
c. Has received the wrong medication
d. Has developed autoimmunity - ✔✔a. Is experiencing an anaphylactic hypersensitivity
reaction to the antibiotic
It is a fallacy that a patient will not develop allergies to a drug if the drug has been taken
in the past without problems. Hypersensitivity reactions are specific to a particular
antigen and usually do not occur on first exposure to the antigen. The symptoms are
those seen in anaphylactic reactions and antibiotic use should be considered.
Receiving the wrong medication would not necessarily result in this symptomology.
Autoimmunity issues relate to the body's reaction to itself as foreign and not to
medications.
✔✔Which statement regarding serum magnesium (Mg ++) is true? (Select all that
apply.)
a. Alcohol-related diseases frequently cause low Mg+ levels.
b. Vomiting is not generally seen as a major cause of Mg+ loss.
, c. Mg++ levels present similarly to calcium (Ca++) levels in the blood.
d. Mg+ deficiencies often result in low serum potassium (K+) levels.
e. Mg+ deficiencies must be treated before potassium (K+) deficiencies. - ✔✔a. Alcohol-
related diseases frequently cause low Mg+ levels.
c. Mg++ levels present similarly to calcium (Ca++) levels in the blood.
d. Mg+ deficiencies often result in low serum potassium (K+) levels.
e. Mg+ deficiencies must be treated before potassium (K+) deficiencies.
✔✔A patient with chronic renal failure who exhibits the inability to excrete fluid is likely
to present with which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. Rales
b. Nausea
c. Bounding pulses
d. Peripheral edema
e. Jugular venous distention - ✔✔a. Rales
c. Bounding pulses
d. Peripheral edema
e. Jugular venous distention
✔✔Which statement is true regarding systemic lupus erythematosus?
a. It is more common in Caucasian men.
b. It is a chronic inflammatory disease.
c. It affects only one organ system.
d. It is a progressive disease. - ✔✔b. It is a chronic inflammatory disease.
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic, inflammatory disease.
It affects African Americans and women more commonly.
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystem disorder.
It is characterized by exacerbations and then remissions.
✔✔Which term refers to a state of tension that can lead to disruption or threaten
physical stability?
a. Stress
b. Adaptive
c. Exhaustion
d. Homeostasis - ✔✔a. Stress
✔✔Abnormal new cellular growth is referred to as
a. Apoptosis
b. Neoplasia
c. Proto-oncogene
d. Suppressor genes - ✔✔b. Neoplasia
Neoplasia means abnormal "new growth."
