Test Bank for Understanding Pathophysiology Nursing Revision Exam
Complete Questions and Answers
Fundamentals of Nursing, 3rd Edition:
Complete Test Bank (Yoost & Crawford)
Page 1
,Pathophysiology Nursing Revision Exam - Questions and Answers
Table of Content
1. Cellular Injury and Adaptation
2. Inflammation and Healing
3. Immunity and Hypersensitivity
4. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
5. Cardiovascular Disorders
6. Respiratory Disorders
7. Renal and Urinary Disorders
8. Endocrine Disorders
9. Neurologic Disorders
10. Hematologic Disorders
11. Cancer and Neoplasia
12. Gastrointestinal Disorders
13. Liver and Biliary Disorders
14. Musculoskeletal Disorders
15. Reproductive Disorders
16. Infectious Disease
17. Pediatric Pathophysiology
18. Older Adult Pathophysiology
19. Integrated Clinical Reasoning
Exam Format
Each item contains one best answer.
Correct answers are highlighted in yellow.
Short rationales explain why the answer is correct.
Blue revision notes identify high-yield concepts for quick review.
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, Pathophysiology Nursing Revision Exam - Questions and Answers
Cellular Injury and Adaptation
Question 1
A client has long-term hypertension. The nurse reviews teaching about left ventricular hypertrophy. Which statement
best explains this cellular adaptation?
A. Cells shrink because oxygen demand decreases.
B. Cardiac muscle cells enlarge because they are working against increased pressure.
C. Cells change into a different mature cell type because of irritation.
D. Cardiac cells undergo dysplasia because of chronic pressure.
Correct Answer: B. Cardiac muscle cells enlarge because they are working against increased pressure.
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size caused by increased workload. In hypertension, the left ventricle
pumps against higher resistance, so cardiac muscle cells enlarge.
High-yield revision note: Hypertrophy = increase in cell size due to increased workload.
Question 2
A patient with chronic cigarette smoke exposure develops replacement of normal ciliated columnar epithelium with
squamous epithelium in the airways. Which term describes this process?
A. Metaplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Necrosis
Correct Answer: A. Metaplasia
Rationale: Metaplasia is a reversible change in which one mature cell type is replaced by another mature cell type
better able to tolerate stress.
High-yield revision note: Metaplasia can be protective at first but may increase risk for later dysplasia if irritation continues.
Question 3
Which finding best reflects irreversible cell injury?
A. Cell swelling
B. Fatty change
C. Rupture of lysosomal membranes with cell digestion
D. Temporary decrease in ATP
Correct Answer: C. Rupture of lysosomal membranes with cell digestion
Rationale: Irreversible injury includes severe membrane damage, lysosomal rupture, and enzymatic digestion of
cellular structures. Cell swelling and fatty change can be reversible early.
High-yield revision note: Necrosis is uncontrolled cell death associated with inflammation.
Page 3
Complete Questions and Answers
Fundamentals of Nursing, 3rd Edition:
Complete Test Bank (Yoost & Crawford)
Page 1
,Pathophysiology Nursing Revision Exam - Questions and Answers
Table of Content
1. Cellular Injury and Adaptation
2. Inflammation and Healing
3. Immunity and Hypersensitivity
4. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
5. Cardiovascular Disorders
6. Respiratory Disorders
7. Renal and Urinary Disorders
8. Endocrine Disorders
9. Neurologic Disorders
10. Hematologic Disorders
11. Cancer and Neoplasia
12. Gastrointestinal Disorders
13. Liver and Biliary Disorders
14. Musculoskeletal Disorders
15. Reproductive Disorders
16. Infectious Disease
17. Pediatric Pathophysiology
18. Older Adult Pathophysiology
19. Integrated Clinical Reasoning
Exam Format
Each item contains one best answer.
Correct answers are highlighted in yellow.
Short rationales explain why the answer is correct.
Blue revision notes identify high-yield concepts for quick review.
Page 2
, Pathophysiology Nursing Revision Exam - Questions and Answers
Cellular Injury and Adaptation
Question 1
A client has long-term hypertension. The nurse reviews teaching about left ventricular hypertrophy. Which statement
best explains this cellular adaptation?
A. Cells shrink because oxygen demand decreases.
B. Cardiac muscle cells enlarge because they are working against increased pressure.
C. Cells change into a different mature cell type because of irritation.
D. Cardiac cells undergo dysplasia because of chronic pressure.
Correct Answer: B. Cardiac muscle cells enlarge because they are working against increased pressure.
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size caused by increased workload. In hypertension, the left ventricle
pumps against higher resistance, so cardiac muscle cells enlarge.
High-yield revision note: Hypertrophy = increase in cell size due to increased workload.
Question 2
A patient with chronic cigarette smoke exposure develops replacement of normal ciliated columnar epithelium with
squamous epithelium in the airways. Which term describes this process?
A. Metaplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Necrosis
Correct Answer: A. Metaplasia
Rationale: Metaplasia is a reversible change in which one mature cell type is replaced by another mature cell type
better able to tolerate stress.
High-yield revision note: Metaplasia can be protective at first but may increase risk for later dysplasia if irritation continues.
Question 3
Which finding best reflects irreversible cell injury?
A. Cell swelling
B. Fatty change
C. Rupture of lysosomal membranes with cell digestion
D. Temporary decrease in ATP
Correct Answer: C. Rupture of lysosomal membranes with cell digestion
Rationale: Irreversible injury includes severe membrane damage, lysosomal rupture, and enzymatic digestion of
cellular structures. Cell swelling and fatty change can be reversible early.
High-yield revision note: Necrosis is uncontrolled cell death associated with inflammation.
Page 3
