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Chapter 1 The Vista of Nursing L
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nursing care L
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1. The first practicing nurse epidemiologist was
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a. Florence Nightingale. L
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b. Mildred Montag. YFT L
c. Clara Barton. YFT L
d. Mary Agnes Snively. L
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ANS: A L
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Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected
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YFT poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mildred Montag, Clara Barton, and Mary Agnes
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YFT Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. Dr. Mildred Montag established the first
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YFT associate degree nursing program in 1952. Mary Agnes Snively began forming the Canadian
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2. The American Red Cross was founded by
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a. Florence Nightingale. L
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b. Harriet Tubman. L
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c. Clara Barton. YFT L
d. Mary Mahoney. L
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In 1882, the United States ratified the American Red Cross, founded by Clara Barton. Florence
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YFT Nightingale established the Training School for Nurses in London, England, in 1860. Harriet
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YFT Tubman was active in the Underground Railroad movement during the American Civil War.
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Mary Mahoney was the first professionally trained African American nurse.
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3. Nurses working in the Henry Street Settlement in 1893 were among the first nurses
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YFT to demonstrate autonomy in practice. This was because those nurses
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a. Had no ability to work in the hospital setting. YFT L L
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b. Were required to use critical thinking skills. YFT L YFT L YFT L YFTL YFTL YFT L
c. Focused solely on healing the very ill. YFT L YFT L Y FT L YFT L YFT L L
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d. Planned their care around research findings. YFT L L
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ANS: B L
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In 1893, nurses working in the Henry Street Settlement were some of the first to demonstrate
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YFT L autonomy in practice because they encountered situations that required quick and innovative
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YFT L problem solving and critical thinking, and provided therapies aimed at maintaining wellness, as
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YFT L well as curing the ill. Nursing hospitals expanded in the late nineteenth century and were
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YFT major providers of nursing care. Not until the early twentieth century was there a movement
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YFT L toward a scientific, research-based body of nursing knowledge.
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4. In 1923, the Goldmark Report was an important study that
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a. Formed formal nurse midwifery programs. L
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b. Established the Center for Ethics and Human Rights. YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L YF T L L
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c. Revised the ANA code of ethics. YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L YFTL
d. Led to the development of the Yale School of Nursing. L
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ANS: D L
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In 1923, the Goldmark Report identified the need for increased financial support for
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YFT L university-based schools of nursing. As a result, the Yale School of Nursing was developed. YFT L YFT L YFTL L
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YFT L Center for Ethics and Human Rights was founded in 1990. The ANA code of ethics was
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5. The major difference between a baccalaureate degree nursing program and an
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YFT associates degree nursing program is that the baccalaureate program includes studies in
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a. Basic sciences and theoretical courses. L
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b. Social sciences and humanities. L
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c. Theoretical and clinical courses. YFT L YFT L L
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d. Basic sciences and clinical courses. L
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ANS: B YFT L
Both associates degree programs and baccalaureate programs focus on basic sciences and on
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YFT L theoretical and clinical courses. Baccalaureate programs, however, also focus on courses in the
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YFT L social sciences, arts, and humanities to support nursing theory.
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6. The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an advanced
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YFT practice nurse and has earned her masters degree as a family nurse practitioner. However,
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YFT L she seems unfulfilled and has a strong desire to do research. To fulfill her desire, the
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a. Doctor of Nursing Science degree (DNSc). L
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b. Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD). L
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c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP). YFT L YFT L YFT L L
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d. Doctor in the Science of Nursing degree (DSN). YFT L L
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ANS: B YFT L
PhD programs emphasize basic research and theory and are research oriented. Professional
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YFT L doctoral programs in nursing (DSN or DNSc) prepare graduates to apply research findings to
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7. The nurse is caring for her patients and is focused on managing their care as opposed to
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YFT L managing and performing skills. This nurse demonstrates which level of proficiency according
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a. Novice
b. Competent
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c. Proficient
d. Expert
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The proficient nurse focuses on managing care as opposed to managing and performing skills.
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YFT L The novice nurse deals with a specific set of rules or procedures, which are usually stepwise
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YFT L and linear. The competent nurse understands the organization and the specific care required
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YFT L by specific types of patients and has experience with psychomotor skills. The expert nurse
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8. Which of the following resources guides faculty on structure and evaluation of the
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a. ANAs Standards of Nursing Practice YFTL YFT L YFT L L
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b. Essentials of Baccalaureate Education YFT L L
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c. NLNAC Interpretive Guidelines L
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d. Standards of Professional Performance YFT L YFT L YF TL
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The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) published Essentials of
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YFT Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing: A Final Report (1998), which guides
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YFT L the nursing process. Standards of Professional Performance describes a competent level of
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9. The nurse is caring for the patient who has had major abdominal surgery and also has a
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YFT L large sacral pressure sore. The nurse implements coughing and deep breathing exercises and
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YFT L consults the wound care specialist to evaluate and prescribe care for the pressure sore, even
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YFT L though no physician order has provided instructions to do so. In doing this, the nurse is
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