OSC Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
Question: what makes decision making difficult?
Correct Answer: uncertainty
Question: descriptive statistics
Correct Answer: procedures and techniques used to describe data, such as charts, graphs and numerical
measures
Question: inferential statistics
Correct Answer: tools and techniques that help decision makers to draw inferences about a set of data
based on a subset of that data, estimation and hypothesis testing
Question: population
Correct Answer: the set of all objects or individuals of interest parameters are the measures that you
compute from an entire population
Question: sample
Correct Answer: a subset of the population statistics are the measures that you compute from a sample
Question: quantitative data
Correct Answer: numerical data (discrete: counted like # of children, continuous: measured like weight)
Question: qualitative data
Correct Answer: descriptive data (eye color, marriage status)
Question: time-series
Correct Answer: consecutive data values observed at successive points in time (2017-2020)
Question: cross-sectional
Correct Answer: a set of data values observed at a fixed point in time (2019)
Question: frequency distribution
Correct Answer: constructed by counting the number of times each possible value occurs in the data set,
no overlap
Question: relative frequency
Correct Answer: proportion of total observations that are given in a category frequency/total frequency,
should always add up to 1 (100%) if you have a chart that is number of days read, frequency then RF, if
your relative frequency is .15= 15% of people read the newspaper however many days a week.
Question: criteria for building classes (bins)
Correct Answer: they. must be mutually inclusive (do not overlap) they must be all inclusive (all data
values) should be of equal width
Question: How many classes (bins) should you have?
Correct Answer: between 5 and 20 2^k>=n k is number of bins and n is number of data values
Question: Minimum class width
, Correct Answer: W = (LARGEST VALUE - SMALLEST VALUE)/(NUMBER OF CLASSES)
Question: if you have 300 data values...
Correct Answer: 2^k=300 take In of both sides k=8.23 round up to 10 classes
Question: bar charts
Correct Answer: graphical representations of categorical data sets where bars are drawn over each
category (have gaps) y-axis: quantitative x-axis: qualitative
Question: histograms
Correct Answer: used to distribute frequency distribution associated with a single variable, horizontal axis
is numerical, vertical axis shows relative frequency NO GAPS
Question: pie charts
Correct Answer: a graph in which a circle is divided into sectors that each represent a portion of the whole,
size of each slice is proportional to the magnitude of variable w each category
Question: line chart
Correct Answer: chart showing time on horizontal axis and variable of interest on vertical axis
Question: scatter diagram
Correct Answer: plotted points where vertical axis represents one variables quantitative results and the
horizontal the other, shows their relationship
Question: dependent variable
Correct Answer: The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested, function
of another variable Y AXIS
Question: independent variable
Correct Answer: a variable whose variation does not depend on that of another X AXIS
Question: positive slope
Correct Answer: upwards sloping
Question: negative slope
Correct Answer: downwards sloping
Question: measures of center and location
Correct Answer: mean, median, mode, weighted mean
Question: population mean
Correct Answer: the sum of the values in the population divided by the population size (population mean:
mu, population size: capital N)
Question: sample mean
Correct Answer: the average for all values in the sample, found by dividing the sum of all sample values
by the sample size (sample mean: X bar, sample size: little n)
Question: median
Question: what makes decision making difficult?
Correct Answer: uncertainty
Question: descriptive statistics
Correct Answer: procedures and techniques used to describe data, such as charts, graphs and numerical
measures
Question: inferential statistics
Correct Answer: tools and techniques that help decision makers to draw inferences about a set of data
based on a subset of that data, estimation and hypothesis testing
Question: population
Correct Answer: the set of all objects or individuals of interest parameters are the measures that you
compute from an entire population
Question: sample
Correct Answer: a subset of the population statistics are the measures that you compute from a sample
Question: quantitative data
Correct Answer: numerical data (discrete: counted like # of children, continuous: measured like weight)
Question: qualitative data
Correct Answer: descriptive data (eye color, marriage status)
Question: time-series
Correct Answer: consecutive data values observed at successive points in time (2017-2020)
Question: cross-sectional
Correct Answer: a set of data values observed at a fixed point in time (2019)
Question: frequency distribution
Correct Answer: constructed by counting the number of times each possible value occurs in the data set,
no overlap
Question: relative frequency
Correct Answer: proportion of total observations that are given in a category frequency/total frequency,
should always add up to 1 (100%) if you have a chart that is number of days read, frequency then RF, if
your relative frequency is .15= 15% of people read the newspaper however many days a week.
Question: criteria for building classes (bins)
Correct Answer: they. must be mutually inclusive (do not overlap) they must be all inclusive (all data
values) should be of equal width
Question: How many classes (bins) should you have?
Correct Answer: between 5 and 20 2^k>=n k is number of bins and n is number of data values
Question: Minimum class width
, Correct Answer: W = (LARGEST VALUE - SMALLEST VALUE)/(NUMBER OF CLASSES)
Question: if you have 300 data values...
Correct Answer: 2^k=300 take In of both sides k=8.23 round up to 10 classes
Question: bar charts
Correct Answer: graphical representations of categorical data sets where bars are drawn over each
category (have gaps) y-axis: quantitative x-axis: qualitative
Question: histograms
Correct Answer: used to distribute frequency distribution associated with a single variable, horizontal axis
is numerical, vertical axis shows relative frequency NO GAPS
Question: pie charts
Correct Answer: a graph in which a circle is divided into sectors that each represent a portion of the whole,
size of each slice is proportional to the magnitude of variable w each category
Question: line chart
Correct Answer: chart showing time on horizontal axis and variable of interest on vertical axis
Question: scatter diagram
Correct Answer: plotted points where vertical axis represents one variables quantitative results and the
horizontal the other, shows their relationship
Question: dependent variable
Correct Answer: The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested, function
of another variable Y AXIS
Question: independent variable
Correct Answer: a variable whose variation does not depend on that of another X AXIS
Question: positive slope
Correct Answer: upwards sloping
Question: negative slope
Correct Answer: downwards sloping
Question: measures of center and location
Correct Answer: mean, median, mode, weighted mean
Question: population mean
Correct Answer: the sum of the values in the population divided by the population size (population mean:
mu, population size: capital N)
Question: sample mean
Correct Answer: the average for all values in the sample, found by dividing the sum of all sample values
by the sample size (sample mean: X bar, sample size: little n)
Question: median
