UCLA EMT TRAUMA CORRECT COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔compensated shock symptoms - ✔✔slightly anxious, mostly normal vitals
✔✔decompensated shock symptoms - ✔✔agitated, tachycardia, tachypnea
✔✔irreversible shock symptoms - ✔✔altered, 120+, hypotensive, low map
✔✔early sign of hypoperfusion - ✔✔tachycardia
✔✔late signs of hypoperfusion - ✔✔thirst, nausea, cold clammy, shallow rapid
breathing, thready pulse, aloc
✔✔medications that interfere with shock compensation - ✔✔beta blockers, calcium
channel blockers, antidystrhythmics, nitroglycerin
✔✔common blood thinners - ✔✔aspirin, warfarin (Coumadin), rivaraxiban (xeralto),
dabagatran (pradaxa), apixaban (eliquis) clopidogrel (plavix)
✔✔hematoma - ✔✔a mass of blood in soft tissue beneath skin
✔✔hematemesis - ✔✔vomiting blood
✔✔hemoptysis - ✔✔coughing up blood
✔✔melena - ✔✔black, tarry stools, feces containing digested blood
✔✔hematochezia - ✔✔passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum
✔✔beta blocker effect on shock - ✔✔interfere with normal sympathetic response, inhibit
increase CO,
,✔✔calcium channel blocker effect on shock - ✔✔interfere with vasoconstriction and
shunting,
✔✔nitroglycerin effect on shock - ✔✔inhibit vasoconstriction
✔✔antidysrhythmic effect on shock - ✔✔interfere with CO
✔✔erythema - ✔✔redness of the skin
✔✔Right Upper Quadrant Organs - ✔✔liver, gallbladder, kidney
✔✔Left Upper Quadrant Organs - ✔✔stomach, spleen, pancreas, kidney
✔✔Left Lower Quadrant Organs - ✔✔small intestine
✔✔Right Lower Quadrant Organs - ✔✔appendix
✔✔Circumferential burns - ✔✔burn on neck or chest which may compress airway, or an
extremity which may act like a tourniquet
✔✔Consensus formula - ✔✔giving 2-4 mL of lactated Ringer solution for each kilogram
of body weight, multiplied by the percentage of total body surface area burned;
sometimes used to calculate fluid needs during lengthy transport times; formerly called
the Parkland formula.
✔✔full thickness burn - ✔✔A burn that extends through the epidermis and dermis into
the subcutaneous tissues beneath; previously called a third-degree burn.
✔✔burn shock - ✔✔AKA hypovolemic, shock or hypoperfusion caused by a burn
✔✔partial thickness burn - ✔✔burn that involves epidermis and some dermis. pain and
blistering
✔✔superficial burn - ✔✔burn involves only dermis, red, painful skin
✔✔Zone of coagulation - ✔✔reddened area surrounding the leathery and sometimes
charred tissue that has sustained a full-thickness burn.
✔✔zone of hyperemia - ✔✔The area surrounding the zone of stasis that presents with
inflammation, but will fully recover without any intervention or permanent damage
✔✔zone of stasis (burns) - ✔✔area in a burn surrounding the zone of coagulation that is
characterized by decreased blood flow
, ✔✔blowout fracture - ✔✔A fracture of the orbit or of the bones that support the floor of
the orbit.
✔✔craniofacial disjunction - ✔✔A Le Fort III fracture; involves a fracture of all of the
midfacial bones, thus separating the entire midface from the cranium.
✔✔diplopia - ✔✔double vision
✔✔dysphagia - ✔✔difficulty swallowing
✔✔hemoptysis - ✔✔coughing up blood
✔✔Hyphema - ✔✔blood in the anterior chamber of the eye
✔✔Le Fort I - ✔✔Bilateral horizontal fractures of the maxillae
✔✔Le Fort II - ✔✔Triangular or pyramid shaped
✔✔Le Fort III - ✔✔Craniofacial dysjunction. Horizontal fracture through orbits. Begins
near nasofrontal suture and extends posteriorly through nasal septum, medial and
lateral orbit walls, zygomatic arch, and base (superior aspect) of pterygoid plates.
✔✔mediastinitis - ✔✔gastric components leaking into thoracic cavity
✔✔sprain - ✔✔ligament tear/stretching
✔✔sTrain - ✔✔Tendon or muscle tear/stretching
✔✔tracheal transection - ✔✔Traumatic separation of the trachea from the larynx.
✔✔basilar skull fracture - ✔✔fracture at the base of the skull
✔✔biotic respiration - ✔✔irregular pattern, rate, and depth with intermittent periods of
apnea
✔✔Brown-Sequard Syndrome - ✔✔weakness or paralysis on one side of the body and
a loss of sensation on the opposite side
✔✔Central neurogenic hyperventilation - ✔✔a pattern of rapid and deep breathing
caused by injury to the brain
✔✔Cerebellum - ✔✔Balance and coordination
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔compensated shock symptoms - ✔✔slightly anxious, mostly normal vitals
✔✔decompensated shock symptoms - ✔✔agitated, tachycardia, tachypnea
✔✔irreversible shock symptoms - ✔✔altered, 120+, hypotensive, low map
✔✔early sign of hypoperfusion - ✔✔tachycardia
✔✔late signs of hypoperfusion - ✔✔thirst, nausea, cold clammy, shallow rapid
breathing, thready pulse, aloc
✔✔medications that interfere with shock compensation - ✔✔beta blockers, calcium
channel blockers, antidystrhythmics, nitroglycerin
✔✔common blood thinners - ✔✔aspirin, warfarin (Coumadin), rivaraxiban (xeralto),
dabagatran (pradaxa), apixaban (eliquis) clopidogrel (plavix)
✔✔hematoma - ✔✔a mass of blood in soft tissue beneath skin
✔✔hematemesis - ✔✔vomiting blood
✔✔hemoptysis - ✔✔coughing up blood
✔✔melena - ✔✔black, tarry stools, feces containing digested blood
✔✔hematochezia - ✔✔passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum
✔✔beta blocker effect on shock - ✔✔interfere with normal sympathetic response, inhibit
increase CO,
,✔✔calcium channel blocker effect on shock - ✔✔interfere with vasoconstriction and
shunting,
✔✔nitroglycerin effect on shock - ✔✔inhibit vasoconstriction
✔✔antidysrhythmic effect on shock - ✔✔interfere with CO
✔✔erythema - ✔✔redness of the skin
✔✔Right Upper Quadrant Organs - ✔✔liver, gallbladder, kidney
✔✔Left Upper Quadrant Organs - ✔✔stomach, spleen, pancreas, kidney
✔✔Left Lower Quadrant Organs - ✔✔small intestine
✔✔Right Lower Quadrant Organs - ✔✔appendix
✔✔Circumferential burns - ✔✔burn on neck or chest which may compress airway, or an
extremity which may act like a tourniquet
✔✔Consensus formula - ✔✔giving 2-4 mL of lactated Ringer solution for each kilogram
of body weight, multiplied by the percentage of total body surface area burned;
sometimes used to calculate fluid needs during lengthy transport times; formerly called
the Parkland formula.
✔✔full thickness burn - ✔✔A burn that extends through the epidermis and dermis into
the subcutaneous tissues beneath; previously called a third-degree burn.
✔✔burn shock - ✔✔AKA hypovolemic, shock or hypoperfusion caused by a burn
✔✔partial thickness burn - ✔✔burn that involves epidermis and some dermis. pain and
blistering
✔✔superficial burn - ✔✔burn involves only dermis, red, painful skin
✔✔Zone of coagulation - ✔✔reddened area surrounding the leathery and sometimes
charred tissue that has sustained a full-thickness burn.
✔✔zone of hyperemia - ✔✔The area surrounding the zone of stasis that presents with
inflammation, but will fully recover without any intervention or permanent damage
✔✔zone of stasis (burns) - ✔✔area in a burn surrounding the zone of coagulation that is
characterized by decreased blood flow
, ✔✔blowout fracture - ✔✔A fracture of the orbit or of the bones that support the floor of
the orbit.
✔✔craniofacial disjunction - ✔✔A Le Fort III fracture; involves a fracture of all of the
midfacial bones, thus separating the entire midface from the cranium.
✔✔diplopia - ✔✔double vision
✔✔dysphagia - ✔✔difficulty swallowing
✔✔hemoptysis - ✔✔coughing up blood
✔✔Hyphema - ✔✔blood in the anterior chamber of the eye
✔✔Le Fort I - ✔✔Bilateral horizontal fractures of the maxillae
✔✔Le Fort II - ✔✔Triangular or pyramid shaped
✔✔Le Fort III - ✔✔Craniofacial dysjunction. Horizontal fracture through orbits. Begins
near nasofrontal suture and extends posteriorly through nasal septum, medial and
lateral orbit walls, zygomatic arch, and base (superior aspect) of pterygoid plates.
✔✔mediastinitis - ✔✔gastric components leaking into thoracic cavity
✔✔sprain - ✔✔ligament tear/stretching
✔✔sTrain - ✔✔Tendon or muscle tear/stretching
✔✔tracheal transection - ✔✔Traumatic separation of the trachea from the larynx.
✔✔basilar skull fracture - ✔✔fracture at the base of the skull
✔✔biotic respiration - ✔✔irregular pattern, rate, and depth with intermittent periods of
apnea
✔✔Brown-Sequard Syndrome - ✔✔weakness or paralysis on one side of the body and
a loss of sensation on the opposite side
✔✔Central neurogenic hyperventilation - ✔✔a pattern of rapid and deep breathing
caused by injury to the brain
✔✔Cerebellum - ✔✔Balance and coordination
