NR507 / NR 507 Advanced
Pathophysiology Midterm Test
Review | Questions & Answers |
Latest Update | 100%
Correct - Chamberlain
Question:
Pathophysiology of interstitial lung disease (ILD)
Answer:
· A group of disorders characterized by inflammation and progressive
scarring of the lung interstitum which supports the alveoli.
Develops when injury to lung triggers abnormal healing response leading
to scarring and thickening of tissue around the alveoli.
Causes difficulty for O2 to pass into the blood.
Factors:
occupational, environmental, toxins, meds, medical conditions (chronic
inflammatory conditions), unknown causes.
,Question:
Physical exam findings for ILD
Answer:
Once symptoms appear, they are irreversible.
· Sx: progressive cough or dyspnea on exertion, dry cough, fatigue,
occassional chest discomfort
· Late Stage: weight loss, clubbing, cyanosis
· Honeycombing on CT Chest
Question:
Pathophysiology of a urinary tract infection (UTI)
Answer:
· 80% caused by E. coli due to fecal matter entering urethra
· Also caused by staphylococcus saprophyticus, proteus mirabilis and
klebsiella
· Bacteria enter urethra and colonize bladder. Healthy individual's bladder
walls prevent the clinging of bacteria, but defenses may become
overwhelmed
,Question:
Signs and symptoms of cystitis
Answer:
Inflammation of the bladder, the most common site for a UTI
red bladder mucosa
Sx related to inflammatory response and include:
· Polyuria, urinary frequency, urgency, painful urination, suprapubic pain
and low back pain, cloudy urine, odor in urine, confusion in elderly.
Question:
Complicated UTI Characteristics
Answer:
May cause systemic symptoms: fever, chills, vomiting, hypotension,
tachycardia
· Caused by untreated cystitis - infection beyond the bladder
· Occurs in immunocompromised individuals
· Associated with indwelling urinary catheter
· Altered urinary tract function
· Decreased renal function (incr risk for perm renal damage or sepsis)
· Presence of WBC casts
· Presence of blood in the urine
· Requires IV, then oral antibiotics
, · More than 3 UTIs in a year or 2 occurrences in 6 months is classified as
recurrent UTI
· Protein +/-, leukocyte +, nitrates +/-, RBC +/-, WBC >10, WBC casts +,
bacteria +, crystals +/-
· Casts are proteins excreted in urine. Long cylindrical structures formed in
renal tubules in concentrated or acidic urine. Their presence is nonspecific
to UTI's and may be due to dehydrations.
· They provide info about underlying pathology
· WBC casts suggest interstitial inflammation
· Muddy brown casts suggest tubular necrosis
· Waxy casts suggest acute and chronic renal failure
· Fatty cats suggest nephrotic syndrome
· RBC casts suggest glomerular nephritis
Question:
uncomplicated UTI characteristics
Answer:
· Normal urinary tract function + renal function
· Local symptoms (pain, burning, foul smelling or cloudy urine)
· Requires no treatment if asymptomatic
· Requires oral antibiotics if symptomatic or pt is pregnant
· protein +/-, leukocyte +, nitrates +/-, RBC +/-, WBC >5, WBC casts -,
bacteria +, crystals +/-
Pathophysiology Midterm Test
Review | Questions & Answers |
Latest Update | 100%
Correct - Chamberlain
Question:
Pathophysiology of interstitial lung disease (ILD)
Answer:
· A group of disorders characterized by inflammation and progressive
scarring of the lung interstitum which supports the alveoli.
Develops when injury to lung triggers abnormal healing response leading
to scarring and thickening of tissue around the alveoli.
Causes difficulty for O2 to pass into the blood.
Factors:
occupational, environmental, toxins, meds, medical conditions (chronic
inflammatory conditions), unknown causes.
,Question:
Physical exam findings for ILD
Answer:
Once symptoms appear, they are irreversible.
· Sx: progressive cough or dyspnea on exertion, dry cough, fatigue,
occassional chest discomfort
· Late Stage: weight loss, clubbing, cyanosis
· Honeycombing on CT Chest
Question:
Pathophysiology of a urinary tract infection (UTI)
Answer:
· 80% caused by E. coli due to fecal matter entering urethra
· Also caused by staphylococcus saprophyticus, proteus mirabilis and
klebsiella
· Bacteria enter urethra and colonize bladder. Healthy individual's bladder
walls prevent the clinging of bacteria, but defenses may become
overwhelmed
,Question:
Signs and symptoms of cystitis
Answer:
Inflammation of the bladder, the most common site for a UTI
red bladder mucosa
Sx related to inflammatory response and include:
· Polyuria, urinary frequency, urgency, painful urination, suprapubic pain
and low back pain, cloudy urine, odor in urine, confusion in elderly.
Question:
Complicated UTI Characteristics
Answer:
May cause systemic symptoms: fever, chills, vomiting, hypotension,
tachycardia
· Caused by untreated cystitis - infection beyond the bladder
· Occurs in immunocompromised individuals
· Associated with indwelling urinary catheter
· Altered urinary tract function
· Decreased renal function (incr risk for perm renal damage or sepsis)
· Presence of WBC casts
· Presence of blood in the urine
· Requires IV, then oral antibiotics
, · More than 3 UTIs in a year or 2 occurrences in 6 months is classified as
recurrent UTI
· Protein +/-, leukocyte +, nitrates +/-, RBC +/-, WBC >10, WBC casts +,
bacteria +, crystals +/-
· Casts are proteins excreted in urine. Long cylindrical structures formed in
renal tubules in concentrated or acidic urine. Their presence is nonspecific
to UTI's and may be due to dehydrations.
· They provide info about underlying pathology
· WBC casts suggest interstitial inflammation
· Muddy brown casts suggest tubular necrosis
· Waxy casts suggest acute and chronic renal failure
· Fatty cats suggest nephrotic syndrome
· RBC casts suggest glomerular nephritis
Question:
uncomplicated UTI characteristics
Answer:
· Normal urinary tract function + renal function
· Local symptoms (pain, burning, foul smelling or cloudy urine)
· Requires no treatment if asymptomatic
· Requires oral antibiotics if symptomatic or pt is pregnant
· protein +/-, leukocyte +, nitrates +/-, RBC +/-, WBC >5, WBC casts -,
bacteria +, crystals +/-
