NURS 5334 Exam 1 Advanced Pharmacology
Complete Practice Guide with Verified
Answers | Latest Edition
1. Define Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER The impact of the body on drugs.
How much of an administered dose gets to its sites of action.
2. Four major pharm kinetic processes - ANSWER Drug absorption, drug
distribution, drug metabolism, and drug excretion.
3. Define Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER The impact of drugs on the body.
The nature and intensity of the response to the drug.
4. P-glycoprotein - ANSWER Transmembrane protein that transports a wide
variety of drugs out of cells
5. How does the liver aid in pharmacokinetics? - ANSWER transports drugs
into bile for elimination
6. How do the kidneys aid in pharmacokinetics? - ANSWER pumps drugs into
urine for excretion
7. How does the placenta aid in pharmacokinetics? - ANSWER transports
drugs back into the maternal blood
8. How does the brain aid in pharmacokinetics? - ANSWER pumps drugs into
blood to limit drugs' access to the brain
,9. passive diffusion - ANSWER molecules move from one side of a barrier to
another without expending energy; moving from an area of higher
concentration to lower concentration
10."like dissolves like" rule - ANSWER Cell membranes are composed
primarily of lipids; therefore, to directly penetrate membranes, a drug must
be lipid soluble (lipophilic)
11.polar molecules - ANSWER Molecules that have an unequal distribution of
charges
No net charge
12.ions - ANSWER molecules that have a net electrical charge
13.quaternary ammonium compounds - ANSWER molecules that contain at
least 1 atom of nitrogen and carry a positive charge at all times
14.pH dependent ionization - ANSWER Acid is a proton donor - tends to
ionize in basic (alkaline) media
15.Base is a proton acceptor - tends to ionize in acidic media
16.ion trapping (pH partitioning) - ANSWER acidic drugs accumulate on the
alkaline side
17.basic drugs accumulate on the acidic side
,18.blood flow to tissues - ANSWER Drugs are carried by the blood to tissues
and organs of the body
19.Blood flow determines the rate of delivery
20.abscesses and tumors ___ blood flow. - ANSWER decrease
21.How do drugs exit the vascular system? - ANSWER Typical capillary beds,
Drugs pass between capillary cells rather than through them.
22.Two major areas in which you can apply pharmacologic knowledge. -
ANSWER Patient care and patient education.
23.What is prescriptive authority? - ANSWER Legal right to prescribe drugs
Varies for nonphysician providers
Limitations tied to oversight by MD or DO
24.Arguments for full prescriptive authority - ANSWER - APRNs are educated
to practice and prescribe independently without supervision
- National examinations validate ability to provide safe competent care
- Licensure ensures compliance with standards to promote public health
and safety - Limited prescriptive authority creates numerous barriers
to quality, affordable, & accessible patient care
25.Drug selection factors - ANSWER cost, guidelines, availability,
interactions, side effects, allergies, liver & renal function, need for
monitoring, special populations
, 26.Elements needed to complete a prescription - ANSWER - Prescriber name,
license number, and contact information
- Prescriber DEA number, if applicable
- Patient name and date of birth
- Patient allergies
- Name of medication
- Indication of medication
- Medication strength (e.g., 25 mg, 500 mg/mL)
- Dose of medication and frequency (e.g., 12.5 mg once daily)
- Number of tablets/capsules to dispense
- Number of refills
27.Pharm kinetics - ANSWER the study of drugs within the body, absorption,
distribution, metabolism, excretion
28.3 ways drugs cross cell membrane - ANSWER 1. channels & pores
2. transport systems (p glycoprotein)
3. direct penetration of membrane ( most common -> drugs too large to pass
through pores & channels)
29.absorption - ANSWER the movement of a drug from its site of
administration into the blood
rate of absorption determines how soon effects will begin
amount of absorption determine intensity of effects
30.factors affecting absorption - ANSWER rate of dissolution, surface area,
blood flow, lipid solubility, pH partitioning
Complete Practice Guide with Verified
Answers | Latest Edition
1. Define Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER The impact of the body on drugs.
How much of an administered dose gets to its sites of action.
2. Four major pharm kinetic processes - ANSWER Drug absorption, drug
distribution, drug metabolism, and drug excretion.
3. Define Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER The impact of drugs on the body.
The nature and intensity of the response to the drug.
4. P-glycoprotein - ANSWER Transmembrane protein that transports a wide
variety of drugs out of cells
5. How does the liver aid in pharmacokinetics? - ANSWER transports drugs
into bile for elimination
6. How do the kidneys aid in pharmacokinetics? - ANSWER pumps drugs into
urine for excretion
7. How does the placenta aid in pharmacokinetics? - ANSWER transports
drugs back into the maternal blood
8. How does the brain aid in pharmacokinetics? - ANSWER pumps drugs into
blood to limit drugs' access to the brain
,9. passive diffusion - ANSWER molecules move from one side of a barrier to
another without expending energy; moving from an area of higher
concentration to lower concentration
10."like dissolves like" rule - ANSWER Cell membranes are composed
primarily of lipids; therefore, to directly penetrate membranes, a drug must
be lipid soluble (lipophilic)
11.polar molecules - ANSWER Molecules that have an unequal distribution of
charges
No net charge
12.ions - ANSWER molecules that have a net electrical charge
13.quaternary ammonium compounds - ANSWER molecules that contain at
least 1 atom of nitrogen and carry a positive charge at all times
14.pH dependent ionization - ANSWER Acid is a proton donor - tends to
ionize in basic (alkaline) media
15.Base is a proton acceptor - tends to ionize in acidic media
16.ion trapping (pH partitioning) - ANSWER acidic drugs accumulate on the
alkaline side
17.basic drugs accumulate on the acidic side
,18.blood flow to tissues - ANSWER Drugs are carried by the blood to tissues
and organs of the body
19.Blood flow determines the rate of delivery
20.abscesses and tumors ___ blood flow. - ANSWER decrease
21.How do drugs exit the vascular system? - ANSWER Typical capillary beds,
Drugs pass between capillary cells rather than through them.
22.Two major areas in which you can apply pharmacologic knowledge. -
ANSWER Patient care and patient education.
23.What is prescriptive authority? - ANSWER Legal right to prescribe drugs
Varies for nonphysician providers
Limitations tied to oversight by MD or DO
24.Arguments for full prescriptive authority - ANSWER - APRNs are educated
to practice and prescribe independently without supervision
- National examinations validate ability to provide safe competent care
- Licensure ensures compliance with standards to promote public health
and safety - Limited prescriptive authority creates numerous barriers
to quality, affordable, & accessible patient care
25.Drug selection factors - ANSWER cost, guidelines, availability,
interactions, side effects, allergies, liver & renal function, need for
monitoring, special populations
, 26.Elements needed to complete a prescription - ANSWER - Prescriber name,
license number, and contact information
- Prescriber DEA number, if applicable
- Patient name and date of birth
- Patient allergies
- Name of medication
- Indication of medication
- Medication strength (e.g., 25 mg, 500 mg/mL)
- Dose of medication and frequency (e.g., 12.5 mg once daily)
- Number of tablets/capsules to dispense
- Number of refills
27.Pharm kinetics - ANSWER the study of drugs within the body, absorption,
distribution, metabolism, excretion
28.3 ways drugs cross cell membrane - ANSWER 1. channels & pores
2. transport systems (p glycoprotein)
3. direct penetration of membrane ( most common -> drugs too large to pass
through pores & channels)
29.absorption - ANSWER the movement of a drug from its site of
administration into the blood
rate of absorption determines how soon effects will begin
amount of absorption determine intensity of effects
30.factors affecting absorption - ANSWER rate of dissolution, surface area,
blood flow, lipid solubility, pH partitioning
