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1. A nurse is caring for a client who has sustained a head injury. Which finding requires
immediate intervention?
A. Complaint of headache
B. Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15
C. Unequal pupils with sluggish reaction to light
D. Mild nausea
Answer: C. Unequal pupils with sluggish reaction to light
Rationale: Unequal pupils with sluggish or absent reaction to light may indicate increasing
intracranial pressure or brain herniation, which is a neurological emergency requiring
immediate intervention. A headache and nausea may occur after a head injury but are less
immediately life-threatening than signs of neurological deterioration.
2. A client suddenly develops chest pain and shortness of breath after surgery. Which
complication should the nurse suspect first?
A. Pneumonia
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Atelectasis
D. Pleural effusion
Answer: B. Pulmonary embolism
Rationale: Sudden chest pain, dyspnea, tachycardia, and hypoxia following surgery strongly
suggest a pulmonary embolism. Prompt recognition and emergency treatment are
essential because the condition can rapidly become fatal.
, 3. Which action is the nurse's priority during a fire emergency?
A. Rescue clients in immediate danger.
B. Shut off electricity.
C. Notify maintenance.
D. Document the event.
Answer: A. Rescue clients in immediate danger.
Rationale: The RACE protocol begins with Rescue. Clients in immediate danger must be
removed from harm before alarms are activated, the fire is contained, and extinguishment
efforts begin.
4. A nurse discovers an unconscious client with no pulse. What is the priority action?
A. Administer oxygen.
B. Begin high-quality CPR.
C. Insert an IV line.
D. Obtain emergency medications.
Answer: B. Begin high-quality CPR.
Rationale: Immediate initiation of high-quality CPR is the first priority for cardiac arrest.
Early chest compressions improve survival while additional emergency interventions are
organized.
5. Which laboratory value places a client at the greatest risk for bleeding?
A. Hemoglobin 13 g/dL
B. Platelet count 22,000/mm³
C. Sodium 140 mEq/L
D. Potassium 4.0 mEq/L
Answer: B. Platelet count 22,000/mm³
Rationale: A platelet count below 50,000/mm³ significantly increases bleeding risk, while
levels below 20,000/mm³ place clients at risk for spontaneous hemorrhage.
, 6. A nurse is caring for a client experiencing anaphylaxis after receiving an antibiotic.
Which medication should be administered first?
A. Diphenhydramine
B. Epinephrine
C. Hydrocortisone
D. Famotidine
Answer: B. Epinephrine
Rationale: Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis because it rapidly reverses
airway edema, bronchospasm, and hypotension.
7. Which client should the emergency department nurse assess first?
A. Client with ankle pain rated 7/10
B. Client with active seizure activity
C. Client with sore throat
D. Client requesting medication refill
Answer: B. Client with active seizure activity
Rationale: Active seizures threaten airway protection, breathing, and neurological function,
making this client the highest priority.
8. During a seizure, what is the nurse's priority intervention?
A. Insert a tongue blade.
B. Restrain the client's arms.
C. Protect the client from injury.
D. Offer oral fluids.
Answer: C. Protect the client from injury.
Rationale: The nurse should protect the client by lowering them to the floor or bed if
possible, padding the head, and removing nearby hazards. Nothing should be inserted into
the client's mouth.
9. A nurse caring for a client with hypoglycemia should administer which treatment if
the client is unconscious?