103 pharmacology Final Review MATC Exam Questions With Detailed Correct Answers

The client with pneumonia develops mild constipation, and the nurse administers docusate sodium as prescribed. The drug works by - correct answers softening the stool Pseudoephedrine has been prescribed as a nasal decongestant. What is a possible adverse effect of this drug? - correct answers Restlessness when caring for the client who is receiving an aminoglycoside antibiotic, the nurse should monitor which of the following laboratory values? - correct answers serum creatinine A client is prescribed metaproterenol via a metered-dose inhaler, two puffs every 4 hours. The nurse instructs the client to report adverse effects. Which of the following are potential adverse effects of metaproterenol? - correct answers Irregular heartbeat A client with bacterial pneumonia is to be started on IV antibiotics. Which of the following diagnostic tests must be completed before antibiotic therapy begins? - correct answers sputum culture The nurse administers theophylline to a client. When evaluating the effectiveness of this medication, the nurse should assess the client for which of the following? - correct answers less difficulty breathing A nurse is teaching a client about taking antihistamines Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching plan? - correct answers 1.Operating machinery and driving may be dangerous while taking antihistmines 2.Do not use alcohol with antihistamines 3.Increase fluid intake to 2000 ml/day A client with acute asthma is prescribed short-term corticosteroid therapy. Which is the expected outcome for the use of steroids in clients with asthma? - correct answers Have an anti-inflammatory effect A client with peptic ulcer disease is taking ranitidine. What is the expected outcome of this drug? - correct answers Limit gastric acid secretion Bethanechol has been prescribed for a client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The nurse should assess the client for which of the following adverse effects? - correct answers urinary urgency the nurse teaches a client with heart failure to take oral furosemide in the morning. The primary reason for this is to help: - correct answers prevent sleep disturbances during the night The nurse is discussing medications with a client with hypertension who has a prescription for furosemide daily. The client needs further education when the client states which of the following? - correct answers I know I should not drive after taking my Lasix" The nurse should teach the client that signs of digoxin toxicity include which of the following? - correct answers Visual disturbances such as seeing yellow spots Metoprolol is added to the pharmacologic therapy of a diabetic female disgnosed with stage 2 hypertension initially treated with furosemide and ramipril. An expected therapeutic effect is: - correct answers decrease in heart beat When teaching a client about propranolol hydrochloride, the nurse should base the information on the knowledge that propranolol: - correct answers Blocks beta-adrenergic stimulation and thus causes decreased heart rate, myocardial contractility, and conduction As an initial step in treating a client with angina, the physician prescribes nitroglycerin tablets, 0.3 mg given sublingually. This drug's principal effects are produced by: - correct answers Vasodilation of peripheral vasculature The nurse should assess the client for digoxin toxicity if serum levels indicate that the client has a: - correct answers low potassium level The client has been managing angina episodes with nitroglycerin. Which of the following indicate the drug is effective? - correct answers decreased chest pain The nurse is teaching a client with hypertension about taking atenolol. The nurse should instruct the client to - correct answers Avoid sudden discontinuation of the drug Which topic is most important to include in teh teaching plan for a client newly diagnosed with Addison's disease who will be taking corticosteroids? - correct answers The importance of watching for signs of hyperglycemia The nurse should tell the client to do which of the following when teaching the client about taking oral glucocorcicoids? - correct answers "Take your medication with meals" Propylthiouracil (PTU) is prescribed for a client with Graves' disease. The nurse should teach the client to immediately report which of the following? - correct answers Sore throat The nurse is evaluating a client with hyperthyroidism who is taking propylthiouracil (PTU). Which of the following statements from the client indicates the desired outcome of the drug? - correct answers "I am able to sleep and rest at night." The nurse is reviewing laboratory reports for a client who is taking allopurinol. Which of the following indicate that the drug has had a therapeutic effect? - correct answers Decreased serum uric acid level Which clinical manifestation is a typical reaction to long-term phenytoin sodium therapy? - correct answers Excessive growth of gum tissue A client with multiple sclerosis (MS) is receiving baclofen. The nurse determines that teh drug is effective when it achieves which of the following? - correct answers Relieves muscular spasticity. The nurse administers mannitol to the client with increased intracranial pressure. Which parameter requires close monitoring? - correct answers Intake and output At which of the following times should the nurse instruct the client to take ibuprofen to minimize gastric mucosal irritation? - correct answers Immediately after a meal Immediately after a lumbar laminectomy, the nurse administers ondansetron hydrochloride to the client as prescribed. The nurse determines that the drug is effective when which of the following is controlled? - correct answers Nausea Assessment of a client taking a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for pain management should include specific questions regarding which of the following systems? - correct answers Gastrointestinal A client with chronic cancer pain has been receiving opiates for 4 months. She rated the pain as an 8 on a 10-point scale before starting the opioid medication. Following thorough examination, there is no new evidence of increased disease, yet the pain is close to 8 again. The most likely explanation for the increasing pain is: - correct answers Tolerance to the opioid A diabetic patient receives insulin aspart, 4 units SQ, at 12:30 p.m. for meal coverage. The nurse would most likely see signs of hypoglycemia during which time? - correct answers 1:30pm-2:30p.m. The nurse is caring for a patient who experienced persistent dry cough caused by an ACE inhibitor, and which has been discontinued. The nurse anticipates that the provider will most likely prescribe a drug from which class of medications to treat the patient's hypertension? - correct answers Angiotensin II receptor blockers The patient has been prescribed enalapril for hypertension. The patient asks the nurse how the medication lowers blood pressure. The nurse understands that ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure by - correct answers 1. Decreasing systemic vascular resistance 2.Preventing sodium resorption A patient prescribed morphine is getting out of bed for the first time since surgery. The nurse is most concerned about which side effect of morphine? - correct answers Dizziness A patient recently diagnosed with hypothyroidism is prescribed levothyroxine. The nurse should include which adverse reactions in the patient's discharge instructions? - correct answers Anxiety Flushing Hypertension The client has been taking omeprazole for four weeks. The ambulatory care nurse evaluates that the client is receiving the optimal intended effect of the medication if the client reports the absence of which symptom? - correct answers Heartburn