TEST BANK FOR Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care 6th Edition by Joyce E. Dains, Linda Ciofu Baumann, Pamela Scheibel ISBN: 978-0323554961 COMPLETE GUIDE 100% VERIFIED A+ GRADE ASSURED!!!!NEW LATEST UPDATE!!!!

TESTBANK
ADVANCED HEALTH ASSESSMENT& CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS IN
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PRIMARY CARE, 6TH EDITION
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Joyce E. Dains, Linda Ciofu Baumann & Pamela Scheibel
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Test Bank for Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care 6th
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Edition Dains rw




Chapter 1: Clinical Reasoning, Differential Diagnosis, Evidence-Based Practice, and Symptom Analysis
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Multiple Choice rw



Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
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A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick

2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
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A. Methodical and systematic rw rw


B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal langu
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ag
e
C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
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D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements
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3. Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
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A. Chief complaint rw


B. History of the present illness rw rw rw r w


C. Current vital signs rw rw


D. All of the above are essential history compo
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nent
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4. Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to:
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A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings rw rw rw rw rw


B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and sympt
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o ms rw


C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
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D. Foresee unpredictable findings rw rw




5. The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
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A. Evidence-based investigations ym


B. Primary reports of research rw rw rw


C. Estimation based on a provider’s experien rw rw rw rw rw


ce
D. Published meta-analyses rw




6. The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
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A. Algorithm published in a peer- ym rw rw ym


reviewed journal article ym rw


B. Clinical practice guidelines rw rw


C. Evidence-based research ym


D. All of the above r w rw rw




7. If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
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A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal
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res rw

ult
B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnorma
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l res r w

ult
C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
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D. None of the above rw rw rw




8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
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A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal re
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sult
D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal r
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es ult rw




9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
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A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
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B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the di
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seas
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C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
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D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the dis
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ease
10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-
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based resource based on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select situations, settings, and
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/or patients?
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A. Clinical practice guidelin rw rw


e
B. Clinical decision rule rw r w


C. Clinical algorithm rw




Chapter 1: Clinical reasoning, differential diagnosis, evidence-based practice, and symptom ana
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Answer Section
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MULTIPLE CHOICE r w




1. ANS: B
Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-
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making: intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision- making (similar to Augenblink decision-
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making) is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paired with fairly common error
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s. In contrast, analytical decision-making is based on careful consideration and has greater reliability with rare errors.
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PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language,
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and able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses to questions. Rather than reading into the patient’s st
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atements, they clarify any areas of uncertainty.
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PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the health history.
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PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate between normal and abno
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rmal find ings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their associated signs and symptoms, recognize how ce
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rtain cond itions affect the response to other conditions, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal find
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ings.

PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published meta-
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analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most widely used and available for application to the reasonin
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g process, is the estimation based on a provider’s experience, although these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the
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wavailability of evidence on which to base clinical reasoning is improving, and there is an increasing expectat
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ion that cl inical reasoning be based on scientific evidence.
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Evidence-based statistics are also increasingly being used to develop resources to facilitate clinical decision-making.
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PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-
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based resources have been developed to assist the clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and clinical practice guidelines
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, assist in clinical reasoning when properly applied.
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PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
The sensitivity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of individuals with the target condition who show an abnormal, or p
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ositive, result. A high sensitivity indicates that a greater percentage of persons with the given condition will hav
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e an abno rmal result.
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PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
The specificity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of normal, healthy individuals who have a normal result.
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wThe grea ter the specificity, the greater the percentage of individuals who will have negative, or normal, resu
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lts if they do not ha ve the target condition.
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PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
The likelihood ratio is the probability that a positive test result will be associated with a person who has the ta
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rget conditi on and a negative result will be associated with a healthy person. A likelihood ratio above 1 indi
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cates that a positive res ult is associated with the disease; a likelihood ratio less than 1 indicates that a negati
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ve result is associated with an absen ce of the disease.
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