Portage Learning Chem 219 Principles of
Organic Chemistry Module 8 Exam
1. Polymers are large molecules made by repetitive linking of smaller units known
as . The terms polymer and monomer are derived from Greek roots poly
(many), mono (one), and meros (part). Polymers are classified as
macromolecules. A macromolecule is a very large molecule composed of of
covalently bonded atoms. Polymers can also be classified as either or
synthetic. Natural polymers include rubber, carbohydrates like starch or
cellulose, proteins, and nucleic acids. The biologically relevant natural polymers
are sometimes called . Synthetic polymers are created by scientists in a lab
for purposes.
Answer:
Monomers; thousands; natural; biopolymers; specific
Expert Rationale:
Monomers are the fundamental repeating units in polymer chemistry. The term
"macromolecule" refers to a molecule of exceptionally large molecular mass,
typically composed of thousands of atoms. Polymers can be classified as either
natural, such as biopolymers (DNA, proteins, polysaccharides), or synthetic,
developed for specific functional purposes in research or industry. Understanding
these distinctions provides foundational knowledge for the study of polymer
structure and applications.
---
2. Describe how addition polymers and condensation polymers differ in terms of
the overall mechanism of their formation.
100
, Answer:
Addition polymers are formed by the repetitive addition of monomer units
without the elimination of any atoms. All atoms of the monomer are retained in
the resulting polymer. In contrast, condensation polymers form through reactions
between functional groups on different monomer molecules, typically resulting in
the elimination of a small molecule such as water or methanol, so not all atoms
from the monomers are present in the final polymer.
Expert Rationale:
The distinction between addition and condensation polymerization is
fundamental: addition polymerization involves chain-growth mechanisms where
vinyl monomers polymerize without any by-product, while condensation
polymerization involves step-growth, leading to by-products and potentially more
diverse architectures.
---
3. Match the name of each step in a free radical chain reaction to its correct
description
1. Termination
2. Initiation
3. Propagation
A. The production of radical species from non-radical species
101
, B. The reaction of a radical with a non-radical
C. The reaction of two radical species with one another
Answer:
1. C
2. A
3. B
Expert Rationale:
Initiation creates radicals, usually by homolytic bond cleavage, propagation
involves radicals reacting with stable molecules to generate new radicals
(sustaining the reaction), and termination occurs when two radicals combine, thus
ending the chain reaction.
---
4. List in order of occurrence the names of the 3 steps of a radical chain reaction:
Answer:
1. Initiation
2. Propagation
3. Termination
Expert Rationale:
102
Organic Chemistry Module 8 Exam
1. Polymers are large molecules made by repetitive linking of smaller units known
as . The terms polymer and monomer are derived from Greek roots poly
(many), mono (one), and meros (part). Polymers are classified as
macromolecules. A macromolecule is a very large molecule composed of of
covalently bonded atoms. Polymers can also be classified as either or
synthetic. Natural polymers include rubber, carbohydrates like starch or
cellulose, proteins, and nucleic acids. The biologically relevant natural polymers
are sometimes called . Synthetic polymers are created by scientists in a lab
for purposes.
Answer:
Monomers; thousands; natural; biopolymers; specific
Expert Rationale:
Monomers are the fundamental repeating units in polymer chemistry. The term
"macromolecule" refers to a molecule of exceptionally large molecular mass,
typically composed of thousands of atoms. Polymers can be classified as either
natural, such as biopolymers (DNA, proteins, polysaccharides), or synthetic,
developed for specific functional purposes in research or industry. Understanding
these distinctions provides foundational knowledge for the study of polymer
structure and applications.
---
2. Describe how addition polymers and condensation polymers differ in terms of
the overall mechanism of their formation.
100
, Answer:
Addition polymers are formed by the repetitive addition of monomer units
without the elimination of any atoms. All atoms of the monomer are retained in
the resulting polymer. In contrast, condensation polymers form through reactions
between functional groups on different monomer molecules, typically resulting in
the elimination of a small molecule such as water or methanol, so not all atoms
from the monomers are present in the final polymer.
Expert Rationale:
The distinction between addition and condensation polymerization is
fundamental: addition polymerization involves chain-growth mechanisms where
vinyl monomers polymerize without any by-product, while condensation
polymerization involves step-growth, leading to by-products and potentially more
diverse architectures.
---
3. Match the name of each step in a free radical chain reaction to its correct
description
1. Termination
2. Initiation
3. Propagation
A. The production of radical species from non-radical species
101
, B. The reaction of a radical with a non-radical
C. The reaction of two radical species with one another
Answer:
1. C
2. A
3. B
Expert Rationale:
Initiation creates radicals, usually by homolytic bond cleavage, propagation
involves radicals reacting with stable molecules to generate new radicals
(sustaining the reaction), and termination occurs when two radicals combine, thus
ending the chain reaction.
---
4. List in order of occurrence the names of the 3 steps of a radical chain reaction:
Answer:
1. Initiation
2. Propagation
3. Termination
Expert Rationale:
102
