RASMUSSEN UNIVERSITY NUR2474/NUR
2474 PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 2 LATEST
NEW EXAM 2026 (COMPLIED FROM
REAL EXAM) 100% |SOLVED
Primary Hypertension
Hypertension with no identifiable cause, most common form
Hypertension
SBP > 130 mm Hg or DBP > 80 mm Hg
Beta-blocker
Medication to slow ventricular rate in dysrhythmias
Digoxin Levels
Normal range: 0.5-0.8
Digoxin Toxicity Treatment
Fab antibody fragments [Digifab] for severe overdose
Untreated Hypertension Consequences
Can lead to heart disease, kidney disease, stroke
Systolic BP vs. Diastolic BP
Elevated systolic BP poses higher cardiovascular risk
Antihypertensive Therapy Goal
Decrease morbidity and mortality without quality of life decrease
Thiazide and Loop Diuretics
Reduce BP by volume reduction and arterial resistance decrease
, Loop Diuretics for Low GFR
Given when GFR is low as thiazides are ineffective
Calcium Channel Blockers
Reduce BP by arteriole dilation
Aldosterone Antagonists
Lower BP by preventing sodium and water retention
Combination Therapy for Hypertension
Each drug should have a different mechanism of action
Antihypertensive Drug Dosages
Start low, increase gradually to minimize adverse effects
Patient Adherence in Hypertension
Major cause of treatment failure due to various factors
Hypertensive Emergency
Diastolic BP > 120 mm Hg with end-organ damage
Nitroprusside
Drug of choice for hypertensive emergencies
Preeclampsia
Hypertension in pregnancy, treated with specific drugs
aPTT
Normal value: 40 seconds, altered by heparin therapy
Spironolactone
Diuretic to avoid in clients with fluid overload and high potassium
Losartan Adverse Effects
2474 PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 2 LATEST
NEW EXAM 2026 (COMPLIED FROM
REAL EXAM) 100% |SOLVED
Primary Hypertension
Hypertension with no identifiable cause, most common form
Hypertension
SBP > 130 mm Hg or DBP > 80 mm Hg
Beta-blocker
Medication to slow ventricular rate in dysrhythmias
Digoxin Levels
Normal range: 0.5-0.8
Digoxin Toxicity Treatment
Fab antibody fragments [Digifab] for severe overdose
Untreated Hypertension Consequences
Can lead to heart disease, kidney disease, stroke
Systolic BP vs. Diastolic BP
Elevated systolic BP poses higher cardiovascular risk
Antihypertensive Therapy Goal
Decrease morbidity and mortality without quality of life decrease
Thiazide and Loop Diuretics
Reduce BP by volume reduction and arterial resistance decrease
, Loop Diuretics for Low GFR
Given when GFR is low as thiazides are ineffective
Calcium Channel Blockers
Reduce BP by arteriole dilation
Aldosterone Antagonists
Lower BP by preventing sodium and water retention
Combination Therapy for Hypertension
Each drug should have a different mechanism of action
Antihypertensive Drug Dosages
Start low, increase gradually to minimize adverse effects
Patient Adherence in Hypertension
Major cause of treatment failure due to various factors
Hypertensive Emergency
Diastolic BP > 120 mm Hg with end-organ damage
Nitroprusside
Drug of choice for hypertensive emergencies
Preeclampsia
Hypertension in pregnancy, treated with specific drugs
aPTT
Normal value: 40 seconds, altered by heparin therapy
Spironolactone
Diuretic to avoid in clients with fluid overload and high potassium
Losartan Adverse Effects
