Respiratory and Renal Physiology
Test Prep
Exam Questions with 100% Correct
Answers and Rationales | Latest
Update | Grade A+ | 2026/2027
,Respiratory distress syndrome Premature newborns often develop this condition
due to insufficient levels of surfactant.
Carbon dioxide in gas mixture Carbon dioxide is typically part of the gas mixture
used in clinical situations to increase the rate and
depth of breathing.
Nasal cavity epithelium The nasal cavity is lined with pseudostratified
ciliated epithelium.
Intensity of vocal sound The intensity (volume) of a vocal sound is
determined by the force of air passing over the
vocal cords.
Transport of carbon dioxide in blood 70% is transported as HCO3−; 23% is bound to
hemoglobin; 7% is dissolved in plasma.
Pneumothorax A medical condition characterized by the presence
of air between the visceral and parietal pleura,
causing the lung to collapse.
Respiration The process that involves gas exchange between
the atmosphere and the cells of the body and the
resulting chemical reactions that provide the cells
with energy to function.
Thyroid cartilage The large cartilage that covers the anterior surface
of the larynx.
Partial pressures of gases during If the breathing rate does not increase with
exercise physical exercise, the partial pressure of CO2 in
the blood would increase.
Alveolar macrophages These ensure that particles brought in with inhaled
air are removed.
, Order of pharynx structures The correct order of structures from superior to
inferior is Nasopharynx → oropharynx →
laryngopharynx.
Inspiration air movement Air moves into the lungs during inspiration due to
the pressure gradient between atmosphere and
alveoli.
Dorsal respiratory group The specific respiratory center that is affected
when a brainstem tumor puts pressure on the
respiratory centers, causing abnormal diaphragm
control.
Secondhand smoke risks Exposure to secondhand smoke can cause or
increase the risk of developing heart disease and
lung disease.
Thyroid cartilage The large cartilage at the front of the larynx.
Intrapleural and intra-alveolar During inspiration, intrapleural pressure decreases
pressure during inspiration and intra-alveolar pressure decreases.
Peripheral chemoreceptors To stimulate the peripheral chemoreceptors, the
stimulation partial pressure of oxygen needs to drop to about
50% of normal.
Epithelial cells and smoking With smoking, epithelial cells typically undergo
changes, leading to the development of lung
cancer.
External respiration The process of external respiration includes gas
exchange between the lungs and the air.
Unpaired laryngeal cartilage The cricoid cartilage is the unpaired laryngeal
cartilage.
Location of vocal cords The vocal cords are located in the larynx.
Test Prep
Exam Questions with 100% Correct
Answers and Rationales | Latest
Update | Grade A+ | 2026/2027
,Respiratory distress syndrome Premature newborns often develop this condition
due to insufficient levels of surfactant.
Carbon dioxide in gas mixture Carbon dioxide is typically part of the gas mixture
used in clinical situations to increase the rate and
depth of breathing.
Nasal cavity epithelium The nasal cavity is lined with pseudostratified
ciliated epithelium.
Intensity of vocal sound The intensity (volume) of a vocal sound is
determined by the force of air passing over the
vocal cords.
Transport of carbon dioxide in blood 70% is transported as HCO3−; 23% is bound to
hemoglobin; 7% is dissolved in plasma.
Pneumothorax A medical condition characterized by the presence
of air between the visceral and parietal pleura,
causing the lung to collapse.
Respiration The process that involves gas exchange between
the atmosphere and the cells of the body and the
resulting chemical reactions that provide the cells
with energy to function.
Thyroid cartilage The large cartilage that covers the anterior surface
of the larynx.
Partial pressures of gases during If the breathing rate does not increase with
exercise physical exercise, the partial pressure of CO2 in
the blood would increase.
Alveolar macrophages These ensure that particles brought in with inhaled
air are removed.
, Order of pharynx structures The correct order of structures from superior to
inferior is Nasopharynx → oropharynx →
laryngopharynx.
Inspiration air movement Air moves into the lungs during inspiration due to
the pressure gradient between atmosphere and
alveoli.
Dorsal respiratory group The specific respiratory center that is affected
when a brainstem tumor puts pressure on the
respiratory centers, causing abnormal diaphragm
control.
Secondhand smoke risks Exposure to secondhand smoke can cause or
increase the risk of developing heart disease and
lung disease.
Thyroid cartilage The large cartilage at the front of the larynx.
Intrapleural and intra-alveolar During inspiration, intrapleural pressure decreases
pressure during inspiration and intra-alveolar pressure decreases.
Peripheral chemoreceptors To stimulate the peripheral chemoreceptors, the
stimulation partial pressure of oxygen needs to drop to about
50% of normal.
Epithelial cells and smoking With smoking, epithelial cells typically undergo
changes, leading to the development of lung
cancer.
External respiration The process of external respiration includes gas
exchange between the lungs and the air.
Unpaired laryngeal cartilage The cricoid cartilage is the unpaired laryngeal
cartilage.
Location of vocal cords The vocal cords are located in the larynx.
