NUSCTX 10 MIDTERM 2 - UC BERKELEY2026|COMPLETE EXAM SET WITH VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

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NUSCTX 10 MIDTERM 2 - UC
BERKELEY2026|COMPLETE EXAM
SET WITH VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS



Good source of Vitamin D - correct-answer -Liver (cod liver oil)

Milk

Meat

Beans




Bone Remodeling - correct-answer -Bone mass is maintained by continual

degradation of existing bone and synthesis of new bone.




Bone Remodeling Facilitates - correct-answer -Adjustment to new strength level

Adjustment to new shape

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Replacement of degrading matrix ( collagen proteoglycan) during normal turnover




Osteoblasts - correct-answer -Cells that produce the protocollagen and

proteoglycans that ultimately constitute the "matrix" of bone.



Vitamin C is involved in protocollagen sythesis.




Osteocytes - correct-answer -Osteoblasts that become entrapped in the

polymerizing collagen fibers.




Osteoclasts - correct-answer -Act to degrade bone.




Calcitonin - correct-answer -Secreted by the thyroid gland when plasma and Ca

are high

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Calcitonin Effects - correct-answer -Reduces osteolytic activity

Reducing formation of new osteoclasts

Increasing osteoblast activity




Functions of Calcium - correct-answer -Bone mineralization

Stabilize complexes

2nd messenger

Neurotransmission

Fertility

Muscle contraction

Enzyme activity

Intracellular adhesion




Functions of Phosphorus - correct-answer -Bone mineralization

Energy transfer

Acid-Base buffer

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Component of RNA & DNA

Protein modification

Signaling molecules

Phospholipids

Structural component of teeth




Energy Releasing B Vitamins - correct-answer -Thiamin

Riboflavin

Niacin

Pantothenic acid

Biotin

Vitamin B6




Hematopoietic B Vitamins - correct-answer -Folic acid

Vitamin B12

Vitamin B6

Pantothenic acid