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Chapter 1. The Evolution of Nursing
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Cooper: Foundations and Adult Health Nursing, 9th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE L
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1. What is a nursing program considered when certified by a state agency?
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a. Accredited
b. Approved
c. Provisional
d. Exemplified
ANS: Y F T L B
Approved means certified by a state agency for having met minimum standards; accredited L
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means certified by the NLN for having met more complex standards. Provisional and
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exemplified are not terms used in regard to nursing program certification.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge YF T L Y FT L REF: Y F T L p. 10 OBJ: 5
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2. Which of the following must the nurse recognize regarding the health care delivery system?
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a. It includes all states. L
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b. It affects the illness of patients. L
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c. Insurance companies are not involved. YFT L YFT L L
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d. The major goal is to achieve optimal levels of health care. YFT L YFTL YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L YFTL L
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ANS: Y F T L D
The nurse must recognize that in the health care delivery system, the major goal is to achieve
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optimal levels of health care. The health care system consists of a network of agencies,
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facilities, and providers involved with health care in a specified geographic area. Insurance
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companies do have involvement in the health care system. The illness of patients is not
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necessarily affected by the health care system.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension YF T L Y FT L REF: Y F T L p. 12 OBJ: 7
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3. What is required by the health care team to identify the needs of a patient and to design care
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to meet those needs?
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a. The Kardex YFT L
b. The health care provider’s order sheet YFT L YFT L L
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c. An individualized care plan YFT L L
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d. The nurse’s notes L
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ANS: Y F T L C
An individualized care plan involves all health care workers and outlines care to meet the
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needs of the individual patient. The Kardex, health care provider’s order sheet, and nurse’s
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notes do not identify the needs of the patient nor are they designed to assist all members of
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the health care team to meet those needs.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension L
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, TOP: Y F T L Care plan KEY: L
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4. Patient care emphasis on wellness, rather than illness, begins as a result of:
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a. increased education concerning causes of illness. L
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b. improved insurance payments. YFT L L
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c. decentralized care centers. L
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d. increased number of health care givers. YFT L L
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ANS: Y F T L A
The acute awareness of preventive medicine has resulted in today’s emphasis on education
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about issues such as smoking, heart disease, drug and alcohol abuse, weight control, and
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mental health and wellness promotion activities. This preventive education has resulted in an
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emphasis on wellness, rather than illness. Improved insurance payments, decentralized
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care centers, and increased numbers of health care givers did not influence an emphasis
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on wellness.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 12 L
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TOP: Wellness KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A Y F T L Y F T L YFT L YFT L YFT L MSC: Y F T L NCLEX: N/A L
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5. What is the most effective process to ensure that the care plan is meeting the needs of
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YFT the patient?
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a. Documentation
b. Communication
c. Evaluation
d. Planning
ANS: Y F T L B
Communication is the primary essential component among the health care team to evaluate Y FT L YF T L YF T L YFT L Y FT L YFT L YFT L YF T L L
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and modify the care plan. Documentation, evaluation, and planning are not primary essential
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components to ensure the care plan is meeting the needs of the patient.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension YF T L Y FT L REF: Y F T L p. 17 OBJ: 8 YFT L Y F T L
TOP:
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6. How does an interdisciplinary approach to patient treatment enhance care?
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a. By improving efficiency of care L
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b. By reducing the number of caregivers YFT L YFT L YFT L L
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c. By preventing the fragmentation of patient care YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L L
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d. By shortening hospital stay YFT L L
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ANS: Y F T L C
An interdisciplinary approach prevents fragmentation of care. An interdisciplinary
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approach does not improve the efficiency of care, reduce the number of caregivers, or
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shorten hospital stay.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension Y F T L YF T L YF T L Y F T L REF:Y p. 16 F T L Y F T L YFT L
OBJ: Y F 8
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Y Interdisciplinary approach
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7. How may a newly licensed LPN/LVN practice?YFTL L
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a. Independently in a hospital setting YFT L L
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, b. With an experienced LPN/LVN L
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c. Under the supervision of a health care provider or RN YFT L L
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d. As a sole health care provider in a clinic setting YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L L
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ANS: Y F T L C
An LPN/LVN practices under the supervision of a health care provider, dentist, OD, or RN.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge YF T L Y FT L REF: Y F T L p. 11 OBJ: L
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Y 11 TOP: F Vocational nursing
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8. Whose influence on nursing practice in the 19th century was related to improvement of
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patient environment as a method of health promotion?
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a. Clara Barton YFT L
b. Linda Richards L
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c. Dorothea Dix YFT L
d. Florence Nightingale L
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ANS: Y F T L D
The influence of Florence Nightingale was highly significant in the 19th century as she
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fought for sanitary conditions, fresh air, and general improvement in the patient
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environment. Clara Barton developed the American Red Cross in 1881. Linda Richards is
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known as the first trained nurse in America, was responsible for the development of the first
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nursing and hospital records, and is credited with the development of our present-day
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documentation system.
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Dorothea Dix was the pioneer crusader for elevation of standards of care for the mentally ill YFT L L
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and superintendent of female nurses of the Union Army.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge Y F T L YFT L YF T L REF: Y F T L p. 17 OBJ: 2 | L
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4 TOP:
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9. What document identifies the roles and responsibilities of the LPN/LVN?
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a. NLN Accreditation Standards L
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b. Nurse Practice Act L
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c. NAPNE Code YFT L
d. American Nurses’ Association Code YF
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ANS: Y F T L B
The LPN/LVN functions under the Nurse Practice Act. NLN Accreditation Standards, the
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NAPNE Code, and the American Nurses’ Association Code do not identify the roles and
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responsibilities of the LPN/LVN.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 12 | p. 14 OBJ: YF T L Y FT L Y F T L L
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Y 11 TOP: F Roles and responsibilities
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10. What is a cost-effective delivery of care used by many hospitals that allows the LPN/LVN to
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work with the RN to meet the needs of patients?
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a. Focused nursing YFT L
b. Team nursing L
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c. Case management YFT L
d. Primary nursing YFTL
, ANS: Y F T L C
Case management is a cost-effective method of care. Focused nursing, team nursing, and
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primary nursing are not cost-effective methods of delivering care that allow the LPN/LVN to
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work with the RN to meet patient needs.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension Y F T L L
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OBJ: Y F T L 7 | 9 TOP: Patient L
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YFT care delivery systems
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11. What is the title of the American Hospital Association’s 1972 document that outlines the
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a. Code of Ethics YFT L YFTL
b. Patient’s Bill of Rights YFTL L
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c. OBRA
d. Advance directives YFT L
ANS: Y F T L B
Patient expectations are outlined by the Patient’s Bill of Rights. Patient expectations are not
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outlined in the Code of Ethics, OBRA, or advance directives.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge YF T L Y FT L REF: Y F T L p. 16 YFT L OBJ:
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F T Patient’s rights
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Process Step: N/A
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12. The relationships among nursing, patients, health, and the environment are the basis for:
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a. care plans. YFT L
b. nursing models. L
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c. health care provider’s orders. YFT L YFT L L
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d. evaluation of patient care. YFT L YFT L YFT L
ANS: Y F T L B
Nursing models are theories based on the relationship between nursing, patients, health, YF T L YF T L Y FT L L
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and environment. Care plans, health care provider’s orders, and evaluation of patient care
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are not based on the relationships among nursing, patients, health, and environment.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension YF T L Y FT L REF: Y F T L p. 17 OBJ: 1 YFT L Y F T L
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13. What system reduces the number of employees but still provides quality care for patients?
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a. Team nursing L
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b. Cross-training
c. Use of critical pathways YFT L L
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d. Case management YFTL
ANS: Y F T L B
Cross-training reduces the number of employees but does not alter the quality of patient care. YFT L YFT L YFT L L
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Team nursing, use of critical pathways, and case management do not reduce the number of
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employees while continuing to provide quality care for patients.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: YFT L YFTL Y F T L Y F T L p. 15 YFT L OBJ: Y F T L Y F T L 8
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MSC: NCLEX: N/A Y F T L YFT L