BIO 2A03 Final Exam 2026
Expert Verifed Ace the Test
Purpose of mitochondrial respiration - ANSWER ✔✔To supply the
ATP needed for cellular functions
External Respiration - ANSWER ✔✔The movement of oxygen from
the environment into the cell and carbon dioxide out
Internal Respiration - ANSWER ✔✔The metabolic process of cellular
respiration occurring within the mitochondria
,The Oxygen Cascade - ANSWER ✔✔The sequential series of steps
moving oxygen from the environment to the mitochondria including
ventilation diffusion circulation tissue perfusion and cellular utilization
Why small animals can rely on simple diffusion - ANSWER
✔✔Because they have a large Surface Area to Volume (SA:V) ratio
Fick's First Law - ANSWER ✔✔Solutes move from high to low
concentration across a gradient
Fick's Second Law - ANSWER ✔✔Diffusion is proportional to surface
area and inversely proportional to distance
Gills - ANSWER ✔✔Evaginations of the body surface used for gas
exchange
Lungs - ANSWER ✔✔Invaginations of the body surface that form an
internal cavity for gas exchange
Countercurrent Exchange in fish - ANSWER ✔✔Water flows in one
direction across gills while blood flows in the opposite direction to
maintain a constant diffusion gradient
Spiracular Breathing in insects - ANSWER ✔✔Tracheal system of air-
filled tubes bringing oxygen directly to aerobic tissues
, Spiracles - ANSWER ✔✔Openings that control airflow into the
trachea control water loss and keep dust out
Lung Ventilation in birds - ANSWER ✔✔Rely on extensible air sacs
and require two full cycles of inhalation and exhalation to move one
breath through rigid lungs
Crosscurrent Exchange in birds - ANSWER ✔✔Air flows in one
direction perpendicular to the flow of blood in the parabronchi
Conducting Zone of Respiratory Tract - ANSWER ✔✔Upper airways
and bronchi reinforced with cartilage that conduct air but perform no gas
exchange
Respiratory Zone of Respiratory Tract - ANSWER ✔✔Includes
bronchioles and alveoli acting as the site of gas exchange
Dalton's Law - ANSWER ✔✔Total pressure of a gas mixture is the
sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases
Boyle's Law - ANSWER ✔✔The pressure of a gas is inversely
proportional to the volume of its container
Henry's Law - ANSWER ✔✔The concentration of a gas in a liquid is
directly proportional to its solubility and its partial pressure
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Expert Verifed Ace the Test
Purpose of mitochondrial respiration - ANSWER ✔✔To supply the
ATP needed for cellular functions
External Respiration - ANSWER ✔✔The movement of oxygen from
the environment into the cell and carbon dioxide out
Internal Respiration - ANSWER ✔✔The metabolic process of cellular
respiration occurring within the mitochondria
,The Oxygen Cascade - ANSWER ✔✔The sequential series of steps
moving oxygen from the environment to the mitochondria including
ventilation diffusion circulation tissue perfusion and cellular utilization
Why small animals can rely on simple diffusion - ANSWER
✔✔Because they have a large Surface Area to Volume (SA:V) ratio
Fick's First Law - ANSWER ✔✔Solutes move from high to low
concentration across a gradient
Fick's Second Law - ANSWER ✔✔Diffusion is proportional to surface
area and inversely proportional to distance
Gills - ANSWER ✔✔Evaginations of the body surface used for gas
exchange
Lungs - ANSWER ✔✔Invaginations of the body surface that form an
internal cavity for gas exchange
Countercurrent Exchange in fish - ANSWER ✔✔Water flows in one
direction across gills while blood flows in the opposite direction to
maintain a constant diffusion gradient
Spiracular Breathing in insects - ANSWER ✔✔Tracheal system of air-
filled tubes bringing oxygen directly to aerobic tissues
, Spiracles - ANSWER ✔✔Openings that control airflow into the
trachea control water loss and keep dust out
Lung Ventilation in birds - ANSWER ✔✔Rely on extensible air sacs
and require two full cycles of inhalation and exhalation to move one
breath through rigid lungs
Crosscurrent Exchange in birds - ANSWER ✔✔Air flows in one
direction perpendicular to the flow of blood in the parabronchi
Conducting Zone of Respiratory Tract - ANSWER ✔✔Upper airways
and bronchi reinforced with cartilage that conduct air but perform no gas
exchange
Respiratory Zone of Respiratory Tract - ANSWER ✔✔Includes
bronchioles and alveoli acting as the site of gas exchange
Dalton's Law - ANSWER ✔✔Total pressure of a gas mixture is the
sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases
Boyle's Law - ANSWER ✔✔The pressure of a gas is inversely
proportional to the volume of its container
Henry's Law - ANSWER ✔✔The concentration of a gas in a liquid is
directly proportional to its solubility and its partial pressure
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
