Bio 106 Exam QUESTION AND
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
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2. In hydrolysis reactions, a water molecule is consumed as a result of breaking the covalent
bond holding together two components of a polymer.
Explain the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Saturated
fatty acids lack double bonds between the individual carbon atoms
2. Saturated fats tend to be solid at room temperature and from animal sources
3. unsaturated fatty acids there is at least one double bond in the fatty acid chain.
4. unsaturated fats are usually liquid and from plant sources.
What is the defining characteristic of prokaryotic cells? - CORRECT ANSWER-All prokaryotic cells
have a nucleoid region, DNA and RNA as their genetic material, ribosomes that make proteins,
and cytoplasm that contains a cytoskeleton, which organizes and supports the parts of the cell.
,What are the characteristics of plant and animal cells? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Animal cells are
mostly round and irregular in shape
2. plant cells have fixed, rectangular shapes
.
3. Plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic cells, so they have several features in common,
such as:
* the presence of a cell membrane,
* cell organelles, like the nucleus, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.
What is the function of the following:
Ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, Mitochondria,
Lysosomes, Chloroplasts, Centrioles - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Lysosomes are also found in the
cytoplasm. They have more of a sac like structure that is surrounded by a single membrane that
contains very powerful digestive enzymes. The function of Lysosome is to break down dying
cells, organelles, even toxins, and food particles.
2. Mitochondria are organelles that are scattered throughout the cell, all cells have
mitochondria. This is where chemical reactions occur that transfer energy from organic
compounds to ATP. ATP controls most of the reactions that occur inside of the cell.
Mitochondria is surrounded by two membranes. Mitochondria have their very own DNA, and
new mitochondria are born when existing ones grow and divide
.
3. The Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex is found in the Cytoplasm it is a flattened, layered sac-
like organelle that takes proteins and carbohydrates and modifies and packages them. The Golgi
apparatus is a system of membranes working close with the endoplasmic reticulum it modifies
the proteins and carbohydrates.
4. Centrioles are found near the nucleus in the cytoplasm. They are only found in animal
cells.The centriole is where microtubulars are made. During cell division the centrosome divides
into two parts and and each part moves to opposite sides of the cell.
, 5. Chloroplasts are organelles that contain chlorophyll that trap sunlight for energy. Chloroplast
green pigment that gives leaves their green color. A chloroplast had two membranes an inner
and outer membrane that contain DNA. Only plant cells contain chloroplast, meaning only
animal cells can make their own food.
6. Ribosomes are attached to the rough ER and are free floating in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes
are very tiny and don't consist of membranes. Ribosomes are in your face, hair, skin, and eyes.
Ribosomes job is to help with protein synthesis and to make proteins.
Explain the difference between active transport, diffusion and osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER-1.
Active transport is the movement of dissolved solutes across a membrane against a
concentration gradient (moving from low to high concentration).
2. Osmosis is the movement of water down a concentration gradient (from high to low
concentration) across a partially permeable membrane.
Describe the light reaction of photosynthesis. - CORRECT ANSWER-1. The light-dependent
reactions use light energy to make two molecules needed for the next stage of photosynthesis:
2. the energy storage molecule ATP and the reduced electron carrier NADPH.
3. In plants, the light reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes of organelles called
chloroplasts.
What are the reactants and the products of the light stage of photosynthesis? - CORRECT
ANSWER-The reactants for photosynthesis are light energy, water, carbon dioxide and
chlorophyll, while the products are glucose (sugar), oxygen and water.
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ [LATEST UPDATE] 100%
GUARANTEED PASS
2. In hydrolysis reactions, a water molecule is consumed as a result of breaking the covalent
bond holding together two components of a polymer.
Explain the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Saturated
fatty acids lack double bonds between the individual carbon atoms
2. Saturated fats tend to be solid at room temperature and from animal sources
3. unsaturated fatty acids there is at least one double bond in the fatty acid chain.
4. unsaturated fats are usually liquid and from plant sources.
What is the defining characteristic of prokaryotic cells? - CORRECT ANSWER-All prokaryotic cells
have a nucleoid region, DNA and RNA as their genetic material, ribosomes that make proteins,
and cytoplasm that contains a cytoskeleton, which organizes and supports the parts of the cell.
,What are the characteristics of plant and animal cells? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Animal cells are
mostly round and irregular in shape
2. plant cells have fixed, rectangular shapes
.
3. Plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic cells, so they have several features in common,
such as:
* the presence of a cell membrane,
* cell organelles, like the nucleus, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.
What is the function of the following:
Ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, Mitochondria,
Lysosomes, Chloroplasts, Centrioles - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Lysosomes are also found in the
cytoplasm. They have more of a sac like structure that is surrounded by a single membrane that
contains very powerful digestive enzymes. The function of Lysosome is to break down dying
cells, organelles, even toxins, and food particles.
2. Mitochondria are organelles that are scattered throughout the cell, all cells have
mitochondria. This is where chemical reactions occur that transfer energy from organic
compounds to ATP. ATP controls most of the reactions that occur inside of the cell.
Mitochondria is surrounded by two membranes. Mitochondria have their very own DNA, and
new mitochondria are born when existing ones grow and divide
.
3. The Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex is found in the Cytoplasm it is a flattened, layered sac-
like organelle that takes proteins and carbohydrates and modifies and packages them. The Golgi
apparatus is a system of membranes working close with the endoplasmic reticulum it modifies
the proteins and carbohydrates.
4. Centrioles are found near the nucleus in the cytoplasm. They are only found in animal
cells.The centriole is where microtubulars are made. During cell division the centrosome divides
into two parts and and each part moves to opposite sides of the cell.
, 5. Chloroplasts are organelles that contain chlorophyll that trap sunlight for energy. Chloroplast
green pigment that gives leaves their green color. A chloroplast had two membranes an inner
and outer membrane that contain DNA. Only plant cells contain chloroplast, meaning only
animal cells can make their own food.
6. Ribosomes are attached to the rough ER and are free floating in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes
are very tiny and don't consist of membranes. Ribosomes are in your face, hair, skin, and eyes.
Ribosomes job is to help with protein synthesis and to make proteins.
Explain the difference between active transport, diffusion and osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER-1.
Active transport is the movement of dissolved solutes across a membrane against a
concentration gradient (moving from low to high concentration).
2. Osmosis is the movement of water down a concentration gradient (from high to low
concentration) across a partially permeable membrane.
Describe the light reaction of photosynthesis. - CORRECT ANSWER-1. The light-dependent
reactions use light energy to make two molecules needed for the next stage of photosynthesis:
2. the energy storage molecule ATP and the reduced electron carrier NADPH.
3. In plants, the light reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes of organelles called
chloroplasts.
What are the reactants and the products of the light stage of photosynthesis? - CORRECT
ANSWER-The reactants for photosynthesis are light energy, water, carbon dioxide and
chlorophyll, while the products are glucose (sugar), oxygen and water.
