MODULE 1- INTRODUCTION TO
REINFORCEMENT DESIGN 100%
ACCURATE
what are the concrete and reinforcement concrete components - ANSWERconcrete
reinforcement concrete
aggregates
water
reinforcing steel bars
CONCRETE - ANSWERis a mixture of sand, gravel, crushed rock, or other aggregates
held together in a rocklike mass with a paste of cement and water. As with most rocklike
substances, ______ has a high compressive strength and very low tensile strength.
REINFORCED CONCRETE - ANSWERis a combination of concrete and steel wherein
the steel reinforcement provides the tensile strength lacking in the concrete.
Steel reinforcing - ANSWERis also capable of resisting compression forces and is used
in columns as well as in other situations.
AGGREGATES
ps. Both fine aggregates (usually sand) and coarse aggregates (usually gravel or
crushed stone) are used. - ANSWERused in concrete occupy about three-fourths of the
concrete volume. Since they are less expensive than the cement, it is desirable to use
as much of them as possible.
fine aggregates
ps. s. Material of a larger size is coarse aggregate - ANSWERAny aggregate that
passes a No. 4 sieve (about 6 mm in sieze) is said to be
WATER - ANSWERsed in mixing concrete shall be clean and free from injurious
amounts of oils, acids, alkalis, salts, organic materials, or other substances that may be
deleterious to concrete or reinforcement. N
non-potable(non-drinkable)water
90% - ANSWERshall not be used in concrete unless selection of concrete proportions
shall be based on concrete mixes using water from the same sources and mortar test
cubes made with non-potable mixing water shall have 7-day and 28-day strength equal
to at least _______% of strength of similar specimens made with potable water.
, REINFORCING STEEL BARS - ANSWERReinforcement used for concrete structures
maybe in the form of bars or welded wire fabric. Reinforcing bars are referred to a plane
or deformed bars. The deformed bars ribbed projections rolled into their surfaces to
provide better bonding between the concrete and steel
Plane bars - ANSWERare not used very often except for wrapping around longitudinal
bars primarily in columns.
Reinforcing steel bars - ANSWERare commercially available in lengths of 6m, 7.5m,
9m, 10.5m and even longer lengths. 6m bars are always available, 7.5m bars are
sometimes readily available, but longer lengths, when needed may be ordered
ADVANTAGES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE AS STRUCTURAL MATERIAL -
ANSWERstrong in compression
a great resistance to the actions of fire and water.
very rigid.
less maintenance
very long service life
very widely available
ability to be cast into any variety of shapes and dimensions
DISADVANTAGES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE AS A STRUCTURAL MATERIAL -
ANSWERvery low tensile strength
requires forms and shoring
relatively low strength per unit weight or volume.
roperties of concrete vary
THE NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE PF THE PHILIPPINES 2015 by Association of
Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP) as adopted in ACI 318-14M
"Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary" -
ANSWERDesign and construction of buildings are regulated by building codes to
protect the public's health and safety nationwide.
generally referred to as the ACI Code. Minimum design requirements for various types
of reinforced concrete members are presented in the code. Frequent references are
made in this text and section members are provided. It should be realized that codes
provide only a general guide for design
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY (NSCP 2015 SECTION 419.2.2)
ps.
419.2.2.1 Modulus of Elasticity, 𝑬𝒄 , for concrete shall be permitted to be calculated as
(a) or (b):
a. For values of 𝒘𝒄 , between 1440 and 2560 kg/m3
𝑬𝒄 = 𝒘𝒄 𝟏.𝟓𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟑√𝒇′𝒄 (in MPa)
REINFORCEMENT DESIGN 100%
ACCURATE
what are the concrete and reinforcement concrete components - ANSWERconcrete
reinforcement concrete
aggregates
water
reinforcing steel bars
CONCRETE - ANSWERis a mixture of sand, gravel, crushed rock, or other aggregates
held together in a rocklike mass with a paste of cement and water. As with most rocklike
substances, ______ has a high compressive strength and very low tensile strength.
REINFORCED CONCRETE - ANSWERis a combination of concrete and steel wherein
the steel reinforcement provides the tensile strength lacking in the concrete.
Steel reinforcing - ANSWERis also capable of resisting compression forces and is used
in columns as well as in other situations.
AGGREGATES
ps. Both fine aggregates (usually sand) and coarse aggregates (usually gravel or
crushed stone) are used. - ANSWERused in concrete occupy about three-fourths of the
concrete volume. Since they are less expensive than the cement, it is desirable to use
as much of them as possible.
fine aggregates
ps. s. Material of a larger size is coarse aggregate - ANSWERAny aggregate that
passes a No. 4 sieve (about 6 mm in sieze) is said to be
WATER - ANSWERsed in mixing concrete shall be clean and free from injurious
amounts of oils, acids, alkalis, salts, organic materials, or other substances that may be
deleterious to concrete or reinforcement. N
non-potable(non-drinkable)water
90% - ANSWERshall not be used in concrete unless selection of concrete proportions
shall be based on concrete mixes using water from the same sources and mortar test
cubes made with non-potable mixing water shall have 7-day and 28-day strength equal
to at least _______% of strength of similar specimens made with potable water.
, REINFORCING STEEL BARS - ANSWERReinforcement used for concrete structures
maybe in the form of bars or welded wire fabric. Reinforcing bars are referred to a plane
or deformed bars. The deformed bars ribbed projections rolled into their surfaces to
provide better bonding between the concrete and steel
Plane bars - ANSWERare not used very often except for wrapping around longitudinal
bars primarily in columns.
Reinforcing steel bars - ANSWERare commercially available in lengths of 6m, 7.5m,
9m, 10.5m and even longer lengths. 6m bars are always available, 7.5m bars are
sometimes readily available, but longer lengths, when needed may be ordered
ADVANTAGES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE AS STRUCTURAL MATERIAL -
ANSWERstrong in compression
a great resistance to the actions of fire and water.
very rigid.
less maintenance
very long service life
very widely available
ability to be cast into any variety of shapes and dimensions
DISADVANTAGES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE AS A STRUCTURAL MATERIAL -
ANSWERvery low tensile strength
requires forms and shoring
relatively low strength per unit weight or volume.
roperties of concrete vary
THE NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE PF THE PHILIPPINES 2015 by Association of
Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP) as adopted in ACI 318-14M
"Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary" -
ANSWERDesign and construction of buildings are regulated by building codes to
protect the public's health and safety nationwide.
generally referred to as the ACI Code. Minimum design requirements for various types
of reinforced concrete members are presented in the code. Frequent references are
made in this text and section members are provided. It should be realized that codes
provide only a general guide for design
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY (NSCP 2015 SECTION 419.2.2)
ps.
419.2.2.1 Modulus of Elasticity, 𝑬𝒄 , for concrete shall be permitted to be calculated as
(a) or (b):
a. For values of 𝒘𝒄 , between 1440 and 2560 kg/m3
𝑬𝒄 = 𝒘𝒄 𝟏.𝟓𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟑√𝒇′𝒄 (in MPa)
