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Cognitive Psychology Midterm 1 EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 | Practice Questions & Detailed Solutions | Newest Version

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Cognitive Psychology Midterm 1 EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 | Practice Questions & Detailed Solutions | Newest Version

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Cognitive psych midterm 1

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what is "cognitive psychology" - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅-goal is to understand the nature of
knowledge, how we process/store information, and how we flexibly apply the knowledge
-want to understand the mind, study behavior and the brain
-make inferences about the nature of mental activity from behavior and make inferences
about the brain from behavior

transcendental method - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅-inference to best explanation
-begin with observable facts and then work backwards to figure out underlying causes
-from visible effects to invisible cause
-created by Immanuel kant
-central to scientific process

philosophical roots of cog psych - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅-rationalism : plato, descartes
(genetic)
-empiricism : artistostle, locke (experiences)
-synthesis of rationalism and empiricism: Kant (first cognitive psychologist)

early experimental psychology / 3 schools of psychology - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅1.
structualism (William Wundt)
-study elements of consciousness
-biggest method was introspection and some challenges are that not all thoughts are
conscious
2. functionalism
-study how we process information and why
3. gestalt
-the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
-stop trying to pick cognition apart into tiny pieces
-study whole phenomena and in context

,definition of cognitive psych from the textbook - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅scientific study of
the acquisition, retention, and use of knowledge

who is H.M - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅-got hippocampus removed due to his seizures
-important because he is a severe case of anterograde amnesia

tolman - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅-discovered cognitive map in rats
-latent learning
-learning involves new knowledge and not just change in behavior

bartlett - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅talks about schemas

behaviorism - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅-study only observable behavior (no mental
processes)
-developemental of laws of conditioning which do happen leads to classical conditioning
(Watson) and operant conditioning (skinner)
-one issue is that some processes can't be accounted through only stimulus-response
relationships
such as language, tolman's rats, and innate animal behavior

validity - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅how right is your research?
-internal validity: are you making correct inference?
-external validity: does behavior happen that way in the real world

experiments - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅-allows us to draw valid conclusion
-random sample of participants or at least random assignment
-manipulate independent variable such as manipulating stimulus materials or controling
how participants process variables
-typical dependent variables (reaction time, accuracy, error analysis, response choice)

cognitive neuroscience - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅-idea of how processing information is
related to biological processes
-understanding how the brain enables the mind
-bidirectional influence of human cognition and neural anatomy and physiology
-can the brain explain everything that the mind can do?

neuroscience and cog psychology meeting - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅-demand to find
physical evidence for theoretical structures of the mind
-need of neuroscientists to relate their findings to more comprehensive models of brain
and cognition
-clinical goal to find correlation between brain pathology and behavior
-increased involvement of neurological functions in models of the mind

, complex system of the brain - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅-brain is a network of interconnected
neurons communicating with each other
-dime sized piece of brain = 10 million neurons which means 2^10 million possible
patterns of neuron connections and synapses

cerebral cortex - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅-site of thinking and cognition
-localization of function which means that mental processes are correlated with discrete
regions of the brain
-sensory and motor areas of the brain are pretty big
-more brain area = more sensitive

frontal lobe of cerebral cortex - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅-deals with reasoning and planning
-movement
-higher level processing
-humans need this to navigate social structures

parietal lobe - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅deals with touch, temperature, pain/pressure, spatial
attention

temporal lobe - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅auditory, perceptual, and memory processes

occipital lobe - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅visual processing

contralateral control - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅-left side of the brain receives stimulus from
right visual field
-left side of the brain controls the right side of the body

what hemisphere processes language? - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅left

where does the left visual field go - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅right occipital lobe

where does right visual field go - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅left occipital lobe

where does spatial processing occur - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅right hemisphere

hemispheric specialization GO BACK TO THIS MAYBE NOT RLY THAT IMPORTANT I
FEEL LIKE - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅-auditory system: left = language, right = music

split brain video - ANSWER ✅✅✅✅-corpus callous connects the two cerebral
hemispheres
-right side brain detects faces
-left side hemisphere interprets (why did I do that?)

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