NR565 / NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals
Midterm Exam Study Guide
100% Guarantee Pass
1. During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug
reactions with potential long term consequences?
Answer
1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
2. What is BEERS criteria?
Answer
Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and older),
prescriber ultimately decides
3. What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450)
Answer
liver enzyme system where medica- tions are metabolized, can either be
inducers or inhibitors and create drug-drug interactions
4. CYP450 inducers
,Answer
Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effect
(decrease blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
5. CYP450 inducers pneumonic
Answer
"Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
6. CYP450 inducer drug names
Answer
Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin,
griseofulvin, phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
7. CYP450 inhibitors
Answer
inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
8. CYP450 pneumonic
Answer
"VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look GQ"
9. CYP450 inhibitors drug names
Answer
Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone, chloramphenicol,
,ketoconazole, grapefruit juice, quinidine
10. Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics
and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs?
Answer
increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
11. Examples of medications that can be teratogenic
Answer
Antiepileptic drugs, an- timicrobials such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones,
vitamin A in large doses, some anticoagulants, and hormonal medications such
as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
12. How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates?
Answer
-
slow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
13. Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy?
Answer
de- layed gastric emptying
, 14. Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient?
Answer
glu- cocorticoids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and
kernicterus with sulfonamides, levofloxacin (antibiotics)
aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
15. what should be included in medication administration patient education?-
Answer
dosage size and timing
route and technique of administration
duration of treatment
drug storage
nature and time course of desired responses
nature and time course of adverse responses
finish taking antibiotic
16. What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk for adverse
drug reactions?
Answer
reduced renal function
polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily)
greater severity of illness
Midterm Exam Study Guide
100% Guarantee Pass
1. During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug
reactions with potential long term consequences?
Answer
1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
2. What is BEERS criteria?
Answer
Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and older),
prescriber ultimately decides
3. What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450)
Answer
liver enzyme system where medica- tions are metabolized, can either be
inducers or inhibitors and create drug-drug interactions
4. CYP450 inducers
,Answer
Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effect
(decrease blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
5. CYP450 inducers pneumonic
Answer
"Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
6. CYP450 inducer drug names
Answer
Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin,
griseofulvin, phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
7. CYP450 inhibitors
Answer
inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
8. CYP450 pneumonic
Answer
"VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look GQ"
9. CYP450 inhibitors drug names
Answer
Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone, chloramphenicol,
,ketoconazole, grapefruit juice, quinidine
10. Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics
and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs?
Answer
increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
11. Examples of medications that can be teratogenic
Answer
Antiepileptic drugs, an- timicrobials such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones,
vitamin A in large doses, some anticoagulants, and hormonal medications such
as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
12. How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates?
Answer
-
slow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
13. Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy?
Answer
de- layed gastric emptying
, 14. Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient?
Answer
glu- cocorticoids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and
kernicterus with sulfonamides, levofloxacin (antibiotics)
aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
15. what should be included in medication administration patient education?-
Answer
dosage size and timing
route and technique of administration
duration of treatment
drug storage
nature and time course of desired responses
nature and time course of adverse responses
finish taking antibiotic
16. What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk for adverse
drug reactions?
Answer
reduced renal function
polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily)
greater severity of illness
