KATZUNG'S BASIC AND
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
16TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)TODD W.
VANDERAH
TEST BANK
,Question 1
A nurse is explaining the purpose of preclinical testing during
the development of a new medication. Which statement by the
nurse is most accurate?
A. It determines the medication's effectiveness in large groups
of patients with the target disease.
B. It evaluates safety and biological activity before the
medication is tested in humans.
C. It compares the medication with currently available therapies
after marketing.
D. It establishes long-term adverse effects after widespread
clinical use.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Preclinical testing involves laboratory and animal studies to
evaluate pharmacologic activity, toxicity, and preliminary safety
before a medication is administered to humans. This phase
helps determine whether human testing is appropriate. Option
A describes later clinical trials. Option C refers to comparative
studies that may occur during or after clinical development.
Option D describes post-marketing surveillance.
Question 2
,A nurse is caring for a client enrolled in an early-phase clinical
trial for an investigational medication. Which priority nursing
action best protects the client's rights?
A. Ensure informed consent has been obtained before
participation.
B. Encourage participation because the medication is expected
to be superior.
C. Explain that withdrawal from the study is not permitted once
treatment begins.
D. Assure the client that adverse effects are unlikely because
the medication has been tested.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Obtaining informed consent is an ethical and legal requirement
before participation in clinical research. Participants must
understand potential risks, benefits, and alternatives and may
withdraw at any time. Option B introduces bias and may be
coercive. Option C is incorrect because participants may
withdraw without penalty. Option D provides false reassurance
because investigational medications may have unknown risks.
Question 3
, A nurse is reviewing a newly prescribed medication. Which
characteristic best describes a medication with high therapeutic
selectivity?
A. It affects multiple organ systems equally.
B. It produces the desired effect primarily at its intended target.
C. It is completely free of adverse effects.
D. It has a very short duration of action.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Selective medications preferentially act on their intended
receptors or tissues, producing therapeutic effects while
minimizing unwanted actions. No medication is completely
selective or entirely free of adverse effects. Duration of action is
unrelated to selectivity.
Question 4
A client asks why two medications used for the same condition
may have different doses. Which response by the nurse is most
appropriate?
A. "The medication with the larger dose is always more
effective."
B. "Dose depends on each medication's potency and how much
is needed to produce the desired effect."
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
16TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)TODD W.
VANDERAH
TEST BANK
,Question 1
A nurse is explaining the purpose of preclinical testing during
the development of a new medication. Which statement by the
nurse is most accurate?
A. It determines the medication's effectiveness in large groups
of patients with the target disease.
B. It evaluates safety and biological activity before the
medication is tested in humans.
C. It compares the medication with currently available therapies
after marketing.
D. It establishes long-term adverse effects after widespread
clinical use.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Preclinical testing involves laboratory and animal studies to
evaluate pharmacologic activity, toxicity, and preliminary safety
before a medication is administered to humans. This phase
helps determine whether human testing is appropriate. Option
A describes later clinical trials. Option C refers to comparative
studies that may occur during or after clinical development.
Option D describes post-marketing surveillance.
Question 2
,A nurse is caring for a client enrolled in an early-phase clinical
trial for an investigational medication. Which priority nursing
action best protects the client's rights?
A. Ensure informed consent has been obtained before
participation.
B. Encourage participation because the medication is expected
to be superior.
C. Explain that withdrawal from the study is not permitted once
treatment begins.
D. Assure the client that adverse effects are unlikely because
the medication has been tested.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Obtaining informed consent is an ethical and legal requirement
before participation in clinical research. Participants must
understand potential risks, benefits, and alternatives and may
withdraw at any time. Option B introduces bias and may be
coercive. Option C is incorrect because participants may
withdraw without penalty. Option D provides false reassurance
because investigational medications may have unknown risks.
Question 3
, A nurse is reviewing a newly prescribed medication. Which
characteristic best describes a medication with high therapeutic
selectivity?
A. It affects multiple organ systems equally.
B. It produces the desired effect primarily at its intended target.
C. It is completely free of adverse effects.
D. It has a very short duration of action.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Selective medications preferentially act on their intended
receptors or tissues, producing therapeutic effects while
minimizing unwanted actions. No medication is completely
selective or entirely free of adverse effects. Duration of action is
unrelated to selectivity.
Question 4
A client asks why two medications used for the same condition
may have different doses. Which response by the nurse is most
appropriate?
A. "The medication with the larger dose is always more
effective."
B. "Dose depends on each medication's potency and how much
is needed to produce the desired effect."
