ATI PN PHARMACOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM
350 2026 FULL SOLVED QUESTIONS
ANSWERS MEDICATION SAFETY AND DOSAGE
◉ Beta blockers/olol's.
Answer: Beta-Adrenergic Blockers
Metoprolol/Lopressor ENDING OLOL
Beta Blockers are use with heart failure, hypertension, angina and
with myocardial infarctions.
Action = Blocks Beta-Receptors in the heart causing...
Decreases = HR, force of contraction, Rate of atrioventricular (AV)
conduction
SE = Bradycardia, lethargy, GI disturbance, congestive heart failure,
decrease BP, depression
The beta blockers stop sympathetic nervous system stimulation of
the heart. Does not allow the heart rate and blood pressure to rise
with stress thus lowering the oxygen demand of the heart. It is very
heart protective!
Will slow the heart rate and lower the blood pressure
Can have beta 2 blockage with larger doses-will constrict the
bronchioles-watch for clients with known COPD, Asthma
,Nursing Interventions
Check pulse-needs to be 60 or above
Check blood pressure-if hypotensive do not give (Systolic below 100
is a good rule of thumb I go by)
Monitor for sexual dysfunction-impotence for men-a good reason for
non-compliance
Drowsiness/Fatigue-operating heavy machinery, driving could put
client at risk
Insomnia-
Contraindicated with Heart Blocks, Bradycardia, Worsening Heart
Failure
Increases Hypoglycemic effect of Insulin-monitor blood sugars and
for hypoglycemia, may need to lower insulin dosage
Beta Blockers have to be weaned slowly to prevent rebound
hypertension and tachycardia-if a client wants to stop his beta-
blocker they need to contract their physician
◉ CCB,/calcium channel blockers.
Answer: Nifedipine/Adalat/Procardia/Norvasc-controls blood
vessels
Diltiazem/Cardizem
Verapamil/Calan/Isoptin/Verelan-controls heart rate and blood
vessels
,Angina/Raynaud's/Vasospastic Angina/Atrial Arrhythmia's
Blocks calcium channels in the myocardial and vascular smooth
muscles, decreases the contraction of smooth muscle-relaxes the
arteries-vasodilation. Blocking of calcium channels in the SA and AV
node-Slows conduction through the SA and AV node. Decreases the
force of contraction slows heart rate
Grapefruit juice may increase absorption of nifedipine
Side Effects: Relaxes smooth muscle and cardiac muscle-
Headache
Dizziness-Take lying, sitting and standing B/P, educate client to sit
and stand slowly
Peripheral edema-assess for edema, monitor for worsening
(diuretic)
Flushing
Reflex tachycardia-monitor for elevated heart rate (may need a BB)
Constipation-increase fibers and fluids (if not restricted) stool
softener
Fatigue-Due to low heart rate-monitor EKG, pulse rate and rhythm
Weakness-Monitor B/P and Heart Rate
, Impotence and sexual dysfunction-Discuss possibility with client-
have client to call and not just to stop medications
Hepatotoxicity-ALT, AST, ALK PHOS, Bilirubin
MI-Monitor for chest pain, dyspnea, increases fatigue, weakness
CHF-Monitor for chest pain, dyspnea, edema, increasing weight,
decreasing output, increasing HR and B/P
Angioedema-edema in face, throat, trouble swallowing, trouble
breathing, thickened tongue
Grapefruit juice may increase absorption of nifedipine
Acute Toxicity
With an overdose or overmedicated
Gastric lavage
Monitor EKG-bradycardia-widening QRS, hypotension
Norepinephrine to treat hypotension and decreased cardiac
contractility
Atropine or Isoproterenol-Bradycardia and Cardiac Blocks
Verapamil (Calan, Covera, Isoptin Verelan)
Class IV antidysrhythmic
Calcium channel blocker
Inhi
350 2026 FULL SOLVED QUESTIONS
ANSWERS MEDICATION SAFETY AND DOSAGE
◉ Beta blockers/olol's.
Answer: Beta-Adrenergic Blockers
Metoprolol/Lopressor ENDING OLOL
Beta Blockers are use with heart failure, hypertension, angina and
with myocardial infarctions.
Action = Blocks Beta-Receptors in the heart causing...
Decreases = HR, force of contraction, Rate of atrioventricular (AV)
conduction
SE = Bradycardia, lethargy, GI disturbance, congestive heart failure,
decrease BP, depression
The beta blockers stop sympathetic nervous system stimulation of
the heart. Does not allow the heart rate and blood pressure to rise
with stress thus lowering the oxygen demand of the heart. It is very
heart protective!
Will slow the heart rate and lower the blood pressure
Can have beta 2 blockage with larger doses-will constrict the
bronchioles-watch for clients with known COPD, Asthma
,Nursing Interventions
Check pulse-needs to be 60 or above
Check blood pressure-if hypotensive do not give (Systolic below 100
is a good rule of thumb I go by)
Monitor for sexual dysfunction-impotence for men-a good reason for
non-compliance
Drowsiness/Fatigue-operating heavy machinery, driving could put
client at risk
Insomnia-
Contraindicated with Heart Blocks, Bradycardia, Worsening Heart
Failure
Increases Hypoglycemic effect of Insulin-monitor blood sugars and
for hypoglycemia, may need to lower insulin dosage
Beta Blockers have to be weaned slowly to prevent rebound
hypertension and tachycardia-if a client wants to stop his beta-
blocker they need to contract their physician
◉ CCB,/calcium channel blockers.
Answer: Nifedipine/Adalat/Procardia/Norvasc-controls blood
vessels
Diltiazem/Cardizem
Verapamil/Calan/Isoptin/Verelan-controls heart rate and blood
vessels
,Angina/Raynaud's/Vasospastic Angina/Atrial Arrhythmia's
Blocks calcium channels in the myocardial and vascular smooth
muscles, decreases the contraction of smooth muscle-relaxes the
arteries-vasodilation. Blocking of calcium channels in the SA and AV
node-Slows conduction through the SA and AV node. Decreases the
force of contraction slows heart rate
Grapefruit juice may increase absorption of nifedipine
Side Effects: Relaxes smooth muscle and cardiac muscle-
Headache
Dizziness-Take lying, sitting and standing B/P, educate client to sit
and stand slowly
Peripheral edema-assess for edema, monitor for worsening
(diuretic)
Flushing
Reflex tachycardia-monitor for elevated heart rate (may need a BB)
Constipation-increase fibers and fluids (if not restricted) stool
softener
Fatigue-Due to low heart rate-monitor EKG, pulse rate and rhythm
Weakness-Monitor B/P and Heart Rate
, Impotence and sexual dysfunction-Discuss possibility with client-
have client to call and not just to stop medications
Hepatotoxicity-ALT, AST, ALK PHOS, Bilirubin
MI-Monitor for chest pain, dyspnea, increases fatigue, weakness
CHF-Monitor for chest pain, dyspnea, edema, increasing weight,
decreasing output, increasing HR and B/P
Angioedema-edema in face, throat, trouble swallowing, trouble
breathing, thickened tongue
Grapefruit juice may increase absorption of nifedipine
Acute Toxicity
With an overdose or overmedicated
Gastric lavage
Monitor EKG-bradycardia-widening QRS, hypotension
Norepinephrine to treat hypotension and decreased cardiac
contractility
Atropine or Isoproterenol-Bradycardia and Cardiac Blocks
Verapamil (Calan, Covera, Isoptin Verelan)
Class IV antidysrhythmic
Calcium channel blocker
Inhi
